Strategy-Specific Patterns of Arc Expression in the Retrosplenial Cortex and Hippocampus during T-Maze Learning in Rats

Abstract

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) belongs to the spatial memory circuit, but the precise timeline of its involvement and the relation to hippocampal activation have not been sufficiently described. We trained rats in a modified version of the T maze with transparent walls and distant visual cues to induce the formation of allocentric spatial memory. We used two distinct salient contexts associated with opposite sequences of turns. Switching between contexts allowed us to test the ability of animals to utilize spatial information. We then applied a CatFISH approach with a probe directed against the Arc immediate early gene in order to visualize the associated memory engrams in the RSC and the hippocampus. After training, rats displayed two strategies to solve the maze, with half of the animals relying on distant spatial cues (allocentric) and the other half using egocentric strategy. Rats that did not utilize the spatial cues showed higher Arc levels in the RSC compared to the allocentric group. The overlap between the two context engrams in the RSC was similar in both groups. These results show differential involvement of the RSC and hippocampus during spatial memory acquisition and point toward their distinct roles in forming the cognitive maps.