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      Prevalence and determinants of secondary posttraumatic growth following trauma work among medical personnel: a cross sectional study Translated title: Prevalencia y predictores de cambios postraumáticos positivos secundarios al trabajo con trauma en personal de la salud: un estudio transversal Translated title: 医务人员创伤性工作后继发性创伤后积极改变的流行率和预测因素:一项横断面研究

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          ABSTRACT

          Background: People helping trauma victims as a part of their work may experience positive results, known as Secondary Posttraumatic Growth (SPTG).

          Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of SPTG among medical personnel, considering occupational load, job satisfaction, social support, and cognitive processing of trauma, understood as cognitive coping strategies.

          Methods: Subjects comprised 419 representatives of the medical profession, including paramedics and nurses. The age of the subjects varied from 19 to 65 (M = 39.60; SD = 11.03). Four standard measurement tools were utilized: the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Social Support Scale, which measured four support sources, and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale to assess five cognitive coping strategies. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to analyse the connections between the variables. A linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of SPTG. Pearson’s correlation coefficients with confidence intervals were applied to analyse the connections between the variables.

          Results: As many as 40% of participants experienced high levels of growth, with only 27.4% indicating a low level. The obtained results showed positive links between job satisfaction, all social support dimensions (from supervisors, co-workers, family, friends), all cognitive coping strategies (positive cognitive restructuring, downward comparison, resolution/acceptance, denial, regret), and SPTG. No significant connection between workload and SPTG total was discovered. The primary determinant of SPTG in the examined group of medical personnel is the cognitive processing of trauma, chiefly the strategy of positive cognitive restructuring.

          Conclusions: Paramedics and nurses, despite their exposure to secondary trauma, experience positive posttraumatic consequences of the profession that entails helping the injured parties. It is advisable to encourage the medical personnel to apply positive coping strategies, find satisfaction in their work, and benefit from social support to promote posttraumatic growth.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • Paramedics and nurses experience the positive aspects of the occupation that involves helping the injured; as many as 40% of those surveyed experienced high levels of growth.

          • SPTG correlates with job satisfaction, social support and cognitive coping strategies.

          • The main factor conditioning the occurrence of SPTG proved to be cognitive processing of trauma in the form of positive cognitive restructuring strategy.

          • The results obtained confirm an assumption which indicates the importance of cognitive activity undertaken by an individual when faced with trauma.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: Las personas que ayudan a las víctimas del trauma como parte de su trabajo pueden experimentar resultados positivos conocidos como crecimiento postraumático secundario (CPTS).

          Objetivo: Este estudio busca determinar la prevalencia y los determinantes del CPTS entre personal médico, considerando la carga ocupacional, satisfacción con el trabajo, soporte social y procesamiento cognitivo del trauma, comprendido como las estrategias cognitivas de afrontamiento.

          Métodos: Los participantes incluían a 419 representantes de grupos de profesionales de la salud, incluyendo a paramédicos y a enfermeros. La edad de los participantes variaba entre los 19 y los 65 años (M=39.69; SD=11.03). Se emplearon cuatro instrumentos de medición estándar: el Inventario del Crecimiento Postraumático Secundario, la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral, la Escala de Soporte Social – que medía cuatro dimensiones de soporte –, y la Escala de Procesamiento Cognitivo del Trauma para evaluar cinco estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo. Se aplicaron los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson para analizar las conexiones entre las variables. Se empleó un análisis de regresión linear para identificar los determinantes del CPTS.

          Resultados: Un 40% de los participantes experimentó altos niveles de crecimiento, con solo un 27,4% indicando un nivel bajo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron relaciones positivas entre la satisfacción laboral, todas las dimensiones del soporte social (de los supervisores, de colegas, de la familia y de los amigos), todas las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo (reestructuración cognitiva positiva, comparación social a la baja, resolución/aceptación, negación, arrepentimiento) y el CPTS. No se descubrió alguna conexión entre la carga laboral y el CPTS. El principal determinante del CPTS en el grupo de personal de la salud estudiado fue el procesamiento cognitivo del trauma, la estrategia capital de la reestructuración cognitiva positiva.

          Conclusiones: Los paramédicos y los enfermeros, a pesar de su exposición al trauma secundario, experimentan consecuencias postraumáticas positivas de la profesión que devienen del ayudar a personas heridas. Es aconsejable animar al personal de la salud a aplicar estrategias de afrontamiento positivas, encontrar satisfacción en su trabajo y que se beneficien del soporte social que promueve el crecimiento postraumático.

          Translated abstract

          背景:在工作中帮助创伤受害者的人们可能会经历积极的改变, 被称为二次创伤后成长 (SPTG) 。

          目的:本研究旨在确定医务人员中SPTG的流行率和决定因素, 并考虑职业负担, 工作满意度, 社会支持和对创伤的认知加工 (理解为认知应对策略)。

          方法:被试由419名包括护理人员和护士的医学专业人员代表组成。被试年龄从19岁到65岁不等 (M = 39.60; SD = 11.03) 。使用了四个标准测量工具:二次创伤后成长量表, 工作满意度量表, 测量4个支持源的社会支持量表以及评估5种认知应对策略的创伤认知加工量表。使用皮尔逊相关系数分析变量之间的联系。使用线性逐步回归分析来确定SPTG的决定因素。

          结果:多达40%的参与者经历了高水平的成长, 只有27.4%的参与者反映了低水平。获得的结果表明工作满意度, 所有社会支持维度 (来自主管, 同事, 家人, 朋友), 所有认知应对策略 (积极的认知重组, 向下比较, 解决/接受, 否认, 后悔) 和SPTG之间存在正相关关系。在工作负担和SPTG总数之间未发现显著关联。在所考查的医务人员中, SPTG的主要决定因素是创伤认知加工, 其中首要的是积极的认知重建策略。

          结论:医护人员和护士虽然在需要帮助受伤群体的职业中遭受了二次创伤, 但也体验到了创伤后的积极后果。建议鼓励医务人员采取积极的应对策略, 寻找工作中满意之处并从社会支持中受益, 以促进创伤后成长。

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          Most cited references55

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          The Satisfaction With Life Scale.

          This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is Suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8198
                2000-8066
                12 March 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 1876382
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz; , Lodz, Poland
                [b ]Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole; , Opole, Poland
                [c ]Medical Institute, State Higher Vocation School in Glogow; , Glogow, Poland
                Author notes
                CONTACT Paulina Michalska paulina.michalska@ 123456now.uni.lodz.pl Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Smugowa 10/12, Lodz 91-433; , Poland
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-0307
                Article
                1876382
                10.1080/20008198.2021.1876382
                8079025
                34912501
                808c1dfc-2847-453f-bd3c-4529c76da03a
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, References: 55, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Research Article
                Basic Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                cognitive processing of trauma,job satisfaction,medical staff,occupational load,secondary posttraumatic growth,procesamiento cognitivo del trauma,satisfacción laboral,personal de la salud,carga ocupacional,crecimiento postraumático secundario,创伤认知加工,工作满意度,医务人员,职业负担,二次创伤后成长

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