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      How primary and secondary appraisals of daily stressful events influence negative and positive affect Translated title: ¿Cómo la evaluación primaria y secundaria de los eventos estresantes cotidianos influyen en el afecto negativo y positivo?

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          Abstract

          Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primary and secondary appraisal, and of coping strategies, on daily stress, taking into account any possible effect of the big five personality traits. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 people filled out an on-line diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisal of this, and how they coped with it. The results indicate that negative affect is influenced by a high degree of primary appraisal, limited secondary appraisal and a high rate of refusal, with no significant influence of personality traits. Positive affect is mainly influenced by a lower extent of primary appraisal, more secondary appraisal, and by a low rate of refusal and of social support seeking. Moreover, a low level of neuroticism was a predictor of greater positive affect. These data are discussed, highlighting the importance of a situational assessment of stressful episodes at each moment to not only understand the effects of stress on health but also, to develop effective interventions.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la evaluación primaria, secundaria y de las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés diario, teniendo en cuenta cualquier posible efecto de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad. Durante 10 días, una cohorte de 122 personas llenó un diario en línea en el que registraron el evento estresante más importante de cada día, su evaluación primaria y secundaria y cómo lo afrontaron. Los resultados indican que el afecto negativo está influido por una evaluación primaria alta, una evaluación secundaria limitada y una alta tasa de rechazo, sin influencia significativa de los rasgos de personalidad. El afecto positivo está influido principalmente por un menor grado de valoración primaria, una evaluación secundaria alta, por una baja tasa de rechazo y de búsqueda de apoyo social. Además, un nivel bajo de neuroticismo fue el mejor predictor del afecto positivo. Se discuten estos datos, destacando la importancia de una evaluación situacional de episodios estresantes en cada momento para no sólo comprender los efectos del estrés en la salud sino también, para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.

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          Most cited references38

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          A Global Measure of Perceived Stress

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            Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.

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              Diary methods: capturing life as it is lived.

              In diary studies, people provide frequent reports on the events and experiences of their daily lives. These reports capture the particulars of experience in a way that is not possible using traditional designs. We review the types of research questions that diary methods are best equipped to answer, the main designs that can be used, current technology for obtaining diary reports, and appropriate data analysis strategies. Major recent developments include the use of electronic forms of data collection and multilevel models in data analysis. We identify several areas of research opportunities: 1. in technology, combining electronic diary reports with collateral measures such as ambulatory heart rate; 2. in measurement, switching from measures based on between-person differences to those based on within-person changes; and 3. in research questions, using diaries to (a) explain why people differ in variability rather than mean level, (b) study change processes during major events and transitions, and (c) study interpersonal processes using dyadic and group diary methods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                December 2022
                : 38
                : 3
                : 538-545
                Affiliations
                [1] Bellaterra Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l’Educació Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282022000300015 S0212-9728(22)03800300015
                10.6018/analesps.500581
                808c6085-906a-412a-accc-1e10fe858629

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2022
                : 12 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Psychology of Emotions

                Negative affect,Estrés cotidiano,Afrontamiento,Evaluación secundaria,Evaluación primaria,Afecto positivo,Afecto negativo,Daily stress,Coping,Secondary appraisal,Primary appraisal,Positive affect

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