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      Modelos dinâmicos e redes sociais: revisão e reflexões a respeito de sua contribuição para o entendimento da epidemia do HIV Translated title: Dynamic models and social networks: a review and reflections on their contribution to understanding the HIV epidemic

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          Abstract

          Há especificidades na epidemia do HIV que fazem com que sua transmissão fuja à aleatoriedade verificada na transmissão de outras doenças infecciosas. A observação da epidemia tem mostrado que os comportamentos individuais - padrões de relação que os indivíduos mantêm entre si - desempenham papel crucial na transmissão do HIV e que as estratégias de prevenção do crescimento da epidemia devem tomar em conta este fator para a alocação eficiente dos recursos existentes. Modelos matemáticos e estatísticos que utilizam a abordagem compartimental aplicada à epidemia estimavam as interações entre grupos cujas características e comportamentos variavam. Contudo, tais modelos eram mais "pós-ditivos" que preditivos, atribuindo-se isso à representação inadequada da estrutura social das populações pelas quais se disseminam os agentes infecciosos. Assim, passou-se a aplicar a metodologia de redes sociais à abordagem da epidemia do HIV. Este artigo discute alternativas à aplicação desta metodologia à epidemia brasileira, ponderando que as redes sociométricas de risco estruturam o fluxo de agentes infecciosos em comunidades, criando oportunidades ímpares a sua interrupção.

          Translated abstract

          Due to certain specificities in the HIV epidemic, its spread has escaped the random transmission pattern of other infectious diseases. Observation of the epidemic has shown that individual behavior - relational patterns among individuals - plays a crucial role in HIV transmission and that strategies to prevent the epidemic's spread should take this factor into account in order to foster efficient allocation of existing resources. Mathematical and statistical models applying the behavioral approach to the epidemic have estimated interactions between groups whose characteristics and behaviors varied. However, such models have been more "post-dictive" than predictive, due to the inadequate representation of social structures in populations through which infectious agents spread. The social network methodology thus came to be applied to the approach to the HIV epidemic. This article discusses alternatives for the application of this methodology to the Brazilian epidemic, considering that sociometric risk networks structure the flow of infectious agents in communities, creating unique opportunities to interrupt their spread.

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          Social networks and infectious disease: The Colorado Springs study

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            Modeling and analyzing HIV transmission: the effect of contact patterns

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              The influence of concurrent partnerships on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS.

              Most models of the spread of HIV/AIDS assume that the probability of transmission from an infected individual to a susceptible partner has some constant value per sexual act, compounding independently randomly (so that ten acts with one person chosen from a particular group has, on average, the same risk as one act with each of ten different people from that group). Guided by available data, other models treat the transmission process as being some characteristic (but highly variable) value per partnership, independent of the number of acts. This latter approach does not allow for the possible effects of concurrent partnerships, and therefore does not take account of the possibility that an initially uninfected partner of a given susceptible individual may become infected over the duration of their partnership. We present a new model, based on transmission per partnership, that takes account of partnership duration. If the number of overlapping partnerships is high enough (so that R0 greater than 1 among "standing crops" of partners), any initial infection will spread very fast--on the time scale of a few times the latent interval (a few months)--among existing networks of partners. After this initial "fast phase," the subsequent epidemic proceeds more slowly along conventional lines as new partnerships are formed. These properties of the model are illustrated numerically and by analytic studies (using singular perturbation theory). The possibility of such "two time-scale" phenomena could have implications for data analysis based on statistical back-projection.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                2000
                : 16
                : suppl 1
                : S37-S51
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Câncer Brasil
                [3 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2000000700004
                80a1cc36-96a0-4978-a6b5-b9428d12fa2e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,HIV,Social Support,Theoretical Models,Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida,Apoio Social,Modelos Teóricos

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