11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Historia biogeográfica de las briófitas de Chile Translated title: Biogeographical history of bryophytes in Chile

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          RESUMEN Se examinan algunos rasgos biogeográficos de las briófitas asociadas a los ecosistemas subtropical- templados de Chile, como diversidad, concentración de la riqueza de especies, endemismo, composición biogeográfica y disyunciones. La interpretación histórico-biogeográfica de estas características considera los grandes cambios evolutivos del grupo en tres escenarios temporales distintos, de acuerdo con las evidencias geológicas, paleobotánicas y moleculares. Para un primer momento, se examinan hepáticas talosas simples y complejas de las Clases Haplomitriopsida y Marchantiopsida-Marchantiidae representadas en Chile y pertenecientes a linajes arcaicos vinculados al poblamiento pre-Cenozoico del megacontinente Pangea. Ejemplos de distintos taxa de hepáticas talosas simples de la Clase Jungermanniopsida-Pelliidae, antocerotes de la Clase Anthocerotopsida y musgos de las Clases Bryopsida y Polytrichopsida ilustran patrones de distribución paleo-austral de briófitas de la región templada de Chile, relacionados a la fragmentación del Gonwana y expansión de las Angiospermas, durante el Cretácico/Paleógeno. Un segundo escenario Neógeno considera el levantamiento final de los Andes y desarrollo de la Diagonal Árida de Sudamérica, procesos que han jugado un rol significativo en la estructura biogeográfica de la flora de Sudamérica y de Chile. En este contexto se destacan casos de hepáticas foliosas asociadas a los bosques relictos de la costa semiárida chilena, particularmente hepáticas epifilas de las dos familias más diversas de la Clase Jungermanniopsida-Jungermannidae, Lejeuneaceae y Plagiochilaceae, adaptadas a microclimas favorecidos por neblinas costeras. En un último escenario se discute el rol relevante que han jugado las repetidas glaciaciones del Pleistoceno en la expansión del elemento sub-antártico templado- frío a lo largo de Chile central-sur, y sus efectos en la concentración de la riqueza de briófitas asociada a los ecosistemas templado-lluviosos de Chile.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Some biogeographical features of bryophytes associated with subtropical-temperate ecosystems in Chile are examined, including diversity, concentration of species richness, endemism, biogeographical composition and disjunctions. The historical-biogeographical interpretation of these characteristics considers the major evolutionary changes of the group in three different temporal scenarios, according to geological, paleobotanical and molecular evidences. First, simple- and complex-thalloids liverworts represented in Chile are examined, belonging to the Classes Haplomitriopsida and Marchantiopsida- Marchantiidae, archaic lineages linked to the pre-Cenozoic colonization of the Pangea mega-continent. Examples of simple-thalloids liverworts of Class Jungermanniopsida-Pelliidae, hornworts of the Class Anthocerotopsida and mosses of the Classes Bryopsida and Polytrichopsida illustrate the paleo-austral distribution patterns of bryophytes from the temperate region of Chile, related to the Gondwana breakup and expansion of Angiosperms during the Cretaceous/Paleogene. A second scenario, considers the final uplift of the Andes and the development of the Arid Diagonal of South America during the Neogene, processes that have played a major role in the biogeographical structure of the Chilean and South American floras. In this context, leafy liverworts associated with the relict forests of the Chilean semi- arid coast stand out, particularly epiphyllous liverworts of the two most diverse families of the Class Jungermanniopsida-Jungermanniidae, Lejeuneaceae and Plagiochilaceae, adapted to microclimates favored by coastal fogs. The last scenario discusses the significant role of the Pleistocene glacial cycles in the expansion of the sub-Antarctic temperate-cold element throughout central-southern Chile, and its effects on the concentration of bryophyte richness associated with Chile’s temperate-rain ecosystems.

          Related collections

          Most cited references143

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.

          Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found
            Is Open Access

            The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte

            The evolutionary emergence of land plant body plans transformed the planet. However, our understanding of this formative episode is mired in the uncertainty associated with the phylogenetic relationships among bryophytes (hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) and tracheophytes (vascular plants). Here we attempt to clarify this problem by analyzing a large transcriptomic dataset with models that allow for compositional heterogeneity between sites. Zygnematophyceae is resolved as sister to land plants, but we obtain several distinct relationships between bryophytes and tracheophytes. Concatenated sequence analyses that can explicitly accommodate site-specific compositional heterogeneity give more support for a mosses-liverworts clade, "Setaphyta," as the sister to all other land plants, and weak support for hornworts as the sister to all other land plants. Bryophyte monophyly is supported by gene concatenation analyses using models explicitly accommodating lineage-specific compositional heterogeneity and analyses of gene trees. Both maximum-likelihood analyses that compare the fit of each gene tree to proposed species trees and Bayesian supertree estimation based on gene trees support bryophyte monophyly. Of the 15 distinct rooted relationships for embryophytes, we reject all but three hypotheses, which differ only in the position of hornworts. Our results imply that the ancestral embryophyte was more complex than has been envisaged based on topologies recognizing liverworts as the sister lineage to all other embryophytes. This requires many phenotypic character losses and transformations in the liverwort lineage, diminishes inconsistency between phylogeny and the fossil record, and prompts re-evaluation of the phylogenetic affinity of early land plant fossils, the majority of which are considered stem tracheophytes.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phylogenomic evidence.

              Phylogenetic relationships among the four major lineages of land plants (liverworts, mosses, hornworts, and vascular plants) remain vigorously contested; their resolution is essential to our understanding of the origin and early evolution of land plants. We analyzed three different complementary data sets: a multigene supermatrix, a genomic structural character matrix, and a chloroplast genome sequence matrix, using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and compatibility methods. Analyses of all three data sets strongly supported liverworts as the sister to all other land plants, and analyses of the multigene and chloroplast genome matrices provided moderate to strong support for hornworts as the sister to vascular plants. These results highlight the important roles of liverworts and hornworts in two major events of plant evolution: the water-to-land transition and the change from a haploid gametophyte generation-dominant life cycle in bryophytes to a diploid sporophyte generation-dominant life cycle in vascular plants. This study also demonstrates the importance of using a multifaceted approach to resolve difficult nodes in the tree of life. In particular, it is shown here that densely sampled taxon trees built with multiple genes provide an indispensable test of taxon-sparse trees inferred from genome sequences.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                gbot
                Gayana. Botánica
                Gayana Bot.
                Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción (Concepción, , Chile )
                0016-5301
                0717-6643
                December 2020
                : 77
                : 2
                : 73-114
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Chile
                Article
                S0717-66432020000200073 S0717-6643(20)07700200073
                10.4067/S0717-66432020000200073
                80a99b22-9491-4132-b8e7-1a4f5a0d568e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 June 2020
                : 20 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 143, Pages: 42
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                REVISION

                macro-fossils/mosses,glaciaciones,Arid Diagonal,Pangea/Gondwana,relictos,macrofósiles/musgos,Diagonal Árida,relicts,glaciations

                Comments

                Comment on this article