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      Restricted Boltzmann Machine and Deep Belief Network: Tutorial and Survey

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          Abstract

          This is a tutorial and survey paper on Boltzmann Machine (BM), Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), and Deep Belief Network (DBN). We start with the required background on probabilistic graphical models, Markov random field, Gibbs sampling, statistical physics, Ising model, and the Hopfield network. Then, we introduce the structures of BM and RBM. The conditional distributions of visible and hidden variables, Gibbs sampling in RBM for generating variables, training BM and RBM by maximum likelihood estimation, and contrastive divergence are explained. Then, we discuss different possible discrete and continuous distributions for the variables. We introduce conditional RBM and how it is trained. Finally, we explain deep belief network as a stack of RBM models. This paper on Boltzmann machines can be useful in various fields including data science, statistics, neural computation, and statistical physics.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          26 July 2021
          Article
          2107.12521
          80dadf42-d6df-40d0-aa8a-f93442e3fafe

          http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

          History
          Custom metadata
          To appear as a part of an upcoming textbook on dimensionality reduction and manifold learning
          cs.LG cs.NE physics.data-an stat.ML

          Mathematical & Computational physics,Machine learning,Neural & Evolutionary computing,Artificial intelligence

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