Aplicabilidade da Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis por intervenção do Sistema Único de Saúde, para análise de óbitos perinatais em municípios dos estados Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, 2011

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Abstract

Resumo Objetivo avaliara aplicabilidade da Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis (LBE) na mortalidade perinatal, em maternidades públicas dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, 2011. Métodos estudo descritivo de série de casos com dados primários e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) sobre óbitos perinatais; foi aplicada a LBE, com adaptações (códigos P20.9 e P70-74), e no Rio de Janeiro, adicionalmente, a classificação de Wigglesworth expandida (CWe). Resultados dos 98 óbitos perinatais, segundo a LBE, 61,2% seriam evitáveis, principalmente por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação; ‘Causas de morte mal definidas’ somaram 26,6% dos casos, principalmente óbitos fetais; pela CWe, a categoria de evitabilidade predominante no Rio Janeiro foi ‘Morte fetal anteparto’, relacionada a falhas no cuidado pré-natal, concordante com a LBE. Conclusão a LBE, após realocação de alguns códigos, pode melhorar a avaliação de óbitos fetais, sendo necessários estudos com maior número de participantes.

Translated abstract

Resumen Objetivo evaluar la aplicabilidad de la Lista Brasileña de Causas de Muertes Evitables (LBE) en la mortalidad perinatal, en maternidades públicas de los Estados de Rio de Janeiro (RJ) y São Paulo (SP), 2011. Métodos estudio descriptivo de serie de casos (óbitos perinatales) con datos primarios y del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad (SIM); se aplicó la LBE, con adaptaciones (códigos P20.9 y P70-74) para muertes fetales e, en RJ, adicionalmente, la clasificación de Wigglesworth expandida (CWe). Resultados de las 98 muertes perinatales, según la LBE, 61,2% serían evitables, principalmente por adecuada atención en la gestación; ‘Causas de muerte mal definidas’ sumaron 26,6%, principalmente las muertes fetales; por la CWe, la categoría predominante en RJ fue ‘Muerte fetal anteparto’, relacionada con fallas en la atención prenatal, lo que está de acuerdo con la LBE. Conclusión la LBE, reubicando algunos códigos, puede evaluar mejor las muertes fetales, requiriendo estudios con más participantes.

Translated abstract

Abstract Objective to assess the applicability of the Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Death (BAL) to perinatal mortality in public maternity hospitals in the states of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and São Paulo (SP) in 2011. Methods this was a descriptive case series study of perinatal deaths using primary data from the Mortality Information System; the BAL was applied, with adaptations (codes P20.9 and P70-74) and, in addition in Rio de Janeiro the Extended Wigglesworth (EW) Classification was also used. Results according to the BAL, 61.2% of the 98 perinatal deaths were avoidable, mainly by providing adequate attention to women in pregnancy; ‘Ill-defined causes of death’ accounted for 26.6% of cases, mainly fetal deaths; use of EW in RJ indicated that the ‘Antepartum Fetal Death’ category was predominant and was related to inadequate prenatal care; this was in line with the BAL. Conclusions after reallocating some codes, the BAL can improve fetal death evaluation, whereby studies with a larger number of participants are needed.

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Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Yuan-Pang Wang, Maheswar Satpathy, Elisabete Weiderpass … (2017)

Summary Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15–60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5–24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates—a measure of relative inequality—increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7–87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8–83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. Interpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.

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Monitoring perinatal mortality. A pathophysiological approach.

Michael Wigglesworth (1980)

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The world health organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health: study protocol

João Souza, Ahmet Metin Gülmezoglu, Guillermo Carroli … (2011)

Background Effective interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity in maternal and newborn health already exist. Information about quality and performance of care and the use of critical interventions are useful for shaping improvements in health care and strengthening the contribution of health systems towards the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. The near-miss concept and the criterion-based clinical audit are proposed as useful approaches for obtaining such information in maternal and newborn health care. This paper presents the methods of the World Health Organization Multicountry Study in Maternal and Newborn Health. The main objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of maternal near-miss cases in a worldwide network of health facilities, evaluate the quality of care using the maternal near-miss concept and the criterion-based clinical audit, and develop the near-miss concept in neonatal health. Methods/Design This is a large cross-sectional study being implemented in a worldwide network of health facilities. A total of 370 health facilities from 29 countries will take part in this study and produce nearly 275,000 observations. All women giving birth, all maternal near-miss cases regardless of the gestational age and delivery status and all maternal deaths during the study period comprise the study population. In each health facility, medical records of all eligible women will be reviewed during a data collection period that ranges from two to three months according to the annual number of deliveries. Discussion Implementing the systematic identification of near-miss cases, mapping the use of critical evidence-based interventions and analysing the corresponding indicators are just the initial steps for using the maternal near-miss concept as a tool to improve maternal and newborn health. The findings of projects using approaches similar to those described in this manuscript will be a good starter for a more comprehensive dialogue with governments, professionals and civil societies, health systems or facilities for promoting best practices, improving quality of care and achieving better health for mothers and children.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): ress

Title: Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

Abbreviated Title: Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde

Publisher: Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (Brasília, DF, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1679-4974

ISSN (Electronic): 2237-9622

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2020

Volume: 29

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: e201942

Affiliations

[1] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva Brazil

[2] Niterói Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Brazil

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Publisher ID: S2237-96222020000200312 Publisher ID: S2237-9622(20)02900200312

DOI: 10.5123/s1679-49742020000200019

SO-VID: 80db6e19-4825-4f9a-ac5f-48a15d4f3a31

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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Date received : 03 May 2019

Date accepted : 20 February 2020

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Keywords: Fetal Death,Causas de Muerte,Early Neonatal Death,Perinatal Mortality,Classificação Internacional de Doenças,Causas de Morte,Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades,Mortalidade Neonatal Precoce,Morte Fetal,International Classification of Diseases,Mortalidade Perinatal,Mortalidad Perinatal,Mortalidad Neonatal Precoz,Muerte Fetal,Cause of Death

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Keywords: Fetal Death, Causas de Muerte, Early Neonatal Death, Perinatal Mortality, Classificação Internacional de Doenças, Causas de Morte, Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, Mortalidade Neonatal Precoce, Morte Fetal, International Classification of Diseases, Mortalidade Perinatal, Mortalidad Perinatal, Mortalidad Neonatal Precoz, Muerte Fetal, Cause of Death

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Most cited references 16

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Monitoring perinatal mortality. A pathophysiological approach.

The world health organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health: study protocol

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