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      Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn?

      editorial
      Dentistry Journal
      MDPI
      special care dentistry, COVID-19, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, service provision

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          Abstract

          The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. We can always learn new things that turn out to be valuable and useful even in exceptionally difficult times, and in addition, dental services can benefit from enabling positive attitudes and introducing constructive changes. Clinicians just need to keep in mind that adjustment to a new future reality appears inevitable for both patients and professionals who provide care.

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          Most cited references16

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          The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients

          Abstract Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.
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            Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses

            Highlights • Coronoviruses not only affect the respiratory system, but also have deleterious effects on the central nervous system. • Most neurological diseases could be caused by coronoviruses invasion. • Coronoviruses cause nerve damage via diverse pathways.
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              Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review

              Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached a pandemic level. Coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system. We review the basics of coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19, along with their effects on the cardiovascular system.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dent J (Basel)
                Dent J (Basel)
                dentistry
                Dentistry Journal
                MDPI
                2304-6767
                09 May 2020
                June 2020
                : 8
                : 2
                : 46
                Affiliations
                Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, SUM, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; adziedzic@ 123456sum.edu.pl
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-8382
                Article
                dentistry-08-00046
                10.3390/dj8020046
                7344557
                32397499
                80dd989e-e801-457b-b167-b75fe0185472
                © 2020 by the author.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 April 2020
                : 06 May 2020
                Categories
                Editorial

                special care dentistry,covid-19,coronavirus sars-cov-2,service provision

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