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      N 2O Emissions from an Apple Orchard in the Coastal Area of Bohai Bay, China

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          Abstract

          Using static chambers and gas chromatography, nitrous oxide (N 2O) fluxes from an apple orchard soil in the Bohai Bay region of China were measured from February 2010 to February 2011. In this study, two nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments were designed—without (CK) or with (SN) synthetic N fertilizers (800 kg N ha −1). The annual cumulative N 2O emissions from CK and SN were 34.6 ± 3.0 (mean ± standard error) and 44.3 ± 6.0 kg N 2O–N ha −1, respectively. Such high emissions resulted from the intensive N fertilization in the experimental and previous years. The direct emission factor (EF d) of N 2O induced by the applied synthetic N fertilizers was 1.2%. The EF d is within the range of previous studies carried out in other croplands, which suggests that it is reasonable to estimate regional N 2O emissions from apple orchards using the EF d obtained in other croplands. In addition, significant positive correlations existed between N 2O fluxes and soil temperatures or soil dissolved organic carbon contents.

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          Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain.

          The annual nitrogen (N) budget and groundwater nitrate-N concentrations were studied in the field in three major intensive cropping systems in Shandong province, north China. In the greenhouse vegetable systems the annual N inputs from fertilizers, manures and irrigation water were 1358, 1881 and 402 kg N ha(-1) on average, representing 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times the corresponding values in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (Zea mays L.) rotations and 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times the values in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. The N surplus values were 349, 3327 and 746 kg N ha(-1), with residual soil nitrate-N after harvest amounting to 221-275, 1173 and 613 kg N ha(-1) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile and 213-242, 1032 and 976 kg N ha(-1) at 90-180 cm depth in wheat-maize, greenhouse vegetable and orchard systems, respectively. Nitrate leaching was evident in all three cropping systems and the groundwater in shallow wells (<15 m depth) was heavily contaminated in the greenhouse vegetable production area, where total N inputs were much higher than crop requirements and the excessive fertilizer N inputs were only about 40% of total N inputs.
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            Quantifying direct N2O emissions in paddy fields during rice growing season in mainland China: Dependence on water regime

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              Quick measurement of CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ScientificWorldJournal
                ScientificWorldJournal
                TSWJ
                The Scientific World Journal
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2356-6140
                1537-744X
                2014
                23 June 2014
                : 2014
                : 164732
                Affiliations
                1Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Shandong 264003, China
                2State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
                3Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Hongbo Shao

                Article
                10.1155/2014/164732
                4094715
                80eccfd0-ba51-4ac3-8da6-3c0cdc9c36d9
                Copyright © 2014 Baohua Xie et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 1 June 2014
                : 8 June 2014
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