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      Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

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          Abstract

          The predictions of Moore’s law are considered by experts to be valid until 2020 giving rise to “post-Moore’s” technologies afterwards. Energy efficiency is one of the major challenges in high-performance computing that should be answered. Superconductor digital technology is a promising post-Moore’s alternative for the development of supercomputers. In this paper, we consider operation principles of an energy-efficient superconductor logic and memory circuits with a short retrospective review of their evolution. We analyze their shortcomings in respect to computer circuits design. Possible ways of further research are outlined.

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          Superconducting circuits for quantum information: an outlook.

          The performance of superconducting qubits has improved by several orders of magnitude in the past decade. These circuits benefit from the robustness of superconductivity and the Josephson effect, and at present they have not encountered any hard physical limits. However, building an error-corrected information processor with many such qubits will require solving specific architecture problems that constitute a new field of research. For the first time, physicists will have to master quantum error correction to design and operate complex active systems that are dissipative in nature, yet remain coherent indefinitely. We offer a view on some directions for the field and speculate on its future.
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            Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses.

            The demand for ever-increasing density of information storage and speed of manipulation has triggered an intense search for ways to control the magnetization of a medium by means other than magnetic fields. Recent experiments on laser-induced demagnetization and spin reorientation use ultrafast lasers as a means to manipulate magnetization, accessing timescales of a picosecond or less. However, in all these cases the observed magnetic excitation is the result of optical absorption followed by a rapid temperature increase. This thermal origin of spin excitation considerably limits potential applications because the repetition frequency is limited by the cooling time. Here we demonstrate that circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses can be used to non-thermally excite and coherently control the spin dynamics in magnets by way of the inverse Faraday effect. Such a photomagnetic interaction is instantaneous and is limited in time by the pulse width (approximately 200 fs in our experiment). Our finding thus reveals an alternative mechanism of ultrafast coherent spin control, and offers prospects for applications of ultrafast lasers in magnetic devices.
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              CURRENT‐VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Associate Editor
                Journal
                Beilstein J Nanotechnol
                Beilstein J Nanotechnol
                Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
                Beilstein-Institut (Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487 Frankfurt am Main, Germany )
                2190-4286
                2017
                14 December 2017
                : 8
                : 2689-2710
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, 119991, Moscow, Russia
                [2 ]Moscow Technological University (MIREA), 119454, Moscow, Russia
                [3 ]All-Russian Research Institute of Automatics n.a. N.L. Dukhov (VNIIA), 127055, Moscow, Russia
                [4 ]Solid State Physics Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
                [5 ]Lukin Scientific Research Institute of Physical Problems, 124460, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia
                [6 ]Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies ASM, Chisinau, Moldova
                Article
                10.3762/bjnano.8.269
                5753050
                29354341
                8138f29c-9350-4ad3-9a95-632f0b77f01a
                Copyright © 2017, Soloviev et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.

                This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: ( http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano)

                History
                : 26 June 2017
                : 19 November 2017
                Categories
                Review
                Nanoscience
                Nanotechnology

                energy-efficient computing,josephson memory,superconducting computer,superconductor digital electronics,superconductor logics

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