Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species

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Abstract

The Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Orthopagus Uhler, 1897 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharinae, Orthopagini) is revised. Six species are included: O. bartletti Song, Malenovský & Deckert, sp. n. (described from India), O. exoletus (Melichar, 1903), comb. n., stat. rev. (material studied from India and Sri Lanka), O. hainanensis Song, Chen & Liang, sp. n. (described from China: Hainan island), O. lunulifer Uhler, 1897 (the type species of the genus; confirmed from Japan, China, Vietnam, Laos, India, and Nepal), O. philippinus Melichar, 1914 (Philippines), and O. splendens (Germar, 1830) (confirmed from China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia). Orthopagus helios Melichar, 1912 is newly synonymized with O. lunulifer. Lectotypes are designated for O. helios, O. helios var. diffusus Melichar, 1912, O. elegans Melichar, 1912, and O. philippinus. Dictyophara indiana Walker, 1851 is considered a nomen dubium. All species are redescribed, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Female genitalia are described for the genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species of Orthopagus and a distribution map are given.

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International code of zoological nomenclature = Code international de nomenclature zoologique /

W. RIDE (1999)

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From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Thierry Bourgoin, Rong-Rong Wang, Manfred Asche … (2014)

Following recent advances in the morphological interpretations of the tegmen basal cell margins in the Paraneoptera, a standardized and homology-driven groundplan terminology for tegmina types, structures and vein patterns in Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha, including fossils, is proposed. Each term is listed with a morphological definition, compared and linked to the main systems of planthopper forewing description that have been reviewed. The importance of a standardized and homology-driven terminology is stressed to enhance the quality of data in taxonomic descriptions and to strengthen phylogenetic morphological analysis results. When the interpretation of the origin of vein branches is render difficult, a three-step strategy for pattern recognition of the vein is proposed based on two principles: (1) vein forks are more informative than topology of the vein branches: a search for homologous areas, the nodal cells in particular, must first guide the recognition rather the number of branches of a vein, and (2) minimum of ad hoc evolutionary events should be invoked in the understanding of a modified vein pattern. Examples of some conflicting interpretations of venation patterns in planthoppers are discussed within different families for both extant and extinct taxa. For the first time, the concept of brachypterism is defined in a non-relative way independently from other structures, and the new one of hyperpterism is proposed; a reporting system is proposed for each of them.