Prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou in the 2004–2013 academic year

Abstract

Objective To review the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou during the school year 2004-2013, and to provide reference for nutrition intervention measures.

Methods A total of 48 primary and secondary schools were selected by purposeful sampling in eight urban areas of Guangzhou. Data on height and weight of students were collected and BMI were calculated in accordance with the National Manual for Physical Fitness and Health Research and Testing. Screening Standard for Malnutrition of Chinese School-age Children Adolescents to assess growth retardation and wasting. Using Screening for Overweight and Obesity among Chinese School-age Children Adolescents to assess overweight and obesity. The rates of growth retardation, wasting, overweight, obesity were calculated by sex and age groups; Differences among groups were analyzed by using χ ² tests; The annual growth rate is calculated by using the simple sequence time average method.

Results The prevalence of undernutrition among young students aged 6-18 in Guangzhou decreased from 16.74% (12 985/77 491) in 2004 to 10.69% (8 431/78 901) in 2013, with an average annual growth rate of -4.76%; The prevalence of male malnutrition decreased from 17.98% (7 011/39 004) to 11.47% (4 638/40 427) ; The prevalence of girls malnutrition decreased from 15.52% (5 974/ 38 487) to 9.86% (3 793/38 474). The detection rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.92% (10 790/77 491) in 2004 to 20.26% (15 987/78 901), with an average annual growth rate of 4.35%. The detection rate of overweight obesity in boys increased from 17.26% (6 733/39 004) to 25.85% (10 452/40 427). The detection rate of overweight and obesity in girls increased from 10.54% (4 057/38 497) to 14.39% (5 535/38 474).

Conclusion Guangzhou has stepped into one of the cities with double burden of malnutrition.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 回顾分析 2004—2013 学年期间广州市中小学生营养不良双重负担的流行状况, 为制定干预措施提供参考 依据。 方法 采用目的抽样方法, 在广州市 8 个城区共抽取 48 所中小学校, 按照《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》, 采 集学生身髙和体重并计算体质量指数 (BMI), 采用《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛査》《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛査》进 行生长迟缓和消瘦、超重与肥胖的筛査。按性别和年龄统计生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率;采用趋势妒检验对各 项指标检出率进行线性趋势检验;采用简单序时平均数法计算年增长率。 结果 广州市 6~ 18 岁学生营养不足检出率从 2004 学年的 16.74%(12 985/77 491)下降至 2013 学年的10.69% (8 431/78 901), 平均年增长率为-4.76% ;其中男生营养 不足检出率从 17.98%(7 011/39 004) 下降至 11.47%(4 638/40 427), 女生从 15.52%(5 974/38 487)下降至 9.86%(3 793/ 38 474); 超重肥胖检出率从 2004 学年的13.92%(10 790/77 491)上升至 20.26%(15 987/78 901), 平均年增长率为4.35%; 男生超重肥胖检出率从17.26% (6 733/39 004) 上升至25.85% (10 452/40 427), 女生从10.54% (4 057/38 497) 上升至 14.39%(5 535/38 474)。 结论 广州市已跨进中小学生营养不良双重负担流行的城市之列。