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      Biomagnetic monitoring combined with support vector machine: a new opportunity for predicting particle-bound-heavy metals

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          Abstract

          Biomagnetic monitoring includes fast and simple methods to estimate airborne heavy metals. Leaves of Osmanthus fragrans Lour and Ligustrum lucidum Ait were collected simultaneously with PM 10 from a mega-city of China during one year. Magnetic properties of leaves and metal concentrations in PM 10 were analyzed. Metal concentrations were estimated using leaf magnetic properties and meteorological factors as input variables in support vector machine (SVM) models. The mean concentrations of many metals were highest in winter and lowest in summer. Hazard index for potentially toxic metals was 5.77, a level considered unsafe. The combined carcinogenic risk was higher than precautionary value (10 −4). Ferrimagnetic minerals were dominant magnetic minerals in leaves. Principal component analysis indicated iron & steel industry and soil dust were the common sources for many metals and magnetic minerals on leaves. However, the poor simulation results obtained with multiple linear regression confirmed strong nonlinear relationships between metal concentrations and leaf magnetic properties. SVM models including leaf magnetic variables as inputs yielded better simulation results for all elements. Simulations were promising for Ti, Cd and Zn, whereas relatively poor for Ni. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of prediction of airborne heavy metals based on biomagnetic monitoring of tree leaves.

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          Review on urban vegetation and particle air pollution – Deposition and dispersion

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            Magnetic properties of some synthetic sub-micron magnetites

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              Exposure to Metal-Rich Particulate Matter Modifies the Expression of Candidate MicroRNAs in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

              Background Altered patterns of gene expression mediate the effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health, but mechanisms through which PM modifies gene expression are largely undetermined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, noncoding small RNAs that regulate the expression of broad gene networks at the posttranscriptional level. Objectives We evaluated the effects of exposure to PM and PM metal components on candidate miRNAs (miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146a) related with oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in 63 workers at an electric-furnace steel plant. Methods We measured miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146a expression in blood leukocyte RNA on the first day of a workweek (baseline) and after 3 days of work (postexposure). Relative expression of miRNAs was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We measured blood oxidative stress (8-hydroxyguanine) and estimated individual exposures to PM1 (< 1 μm in aerodynamic diameter), PM10 (< 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter), coarse PM (PM10 minus PM1), and PM metal components (chromium, lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, manganese) between the baseline and postexposure measurements. Results Expression of miR-222 and miR-21 (using the 2−ΔΔCT method) was significantly increased in postexposure samples (miR-222: baseline = 0.68 ± 3.41, postexposure = 2.16 ± 2.25, p = 0.002; miR-21: baseline = 4.10 ± 3.04, postexposure = 4.66 ± 2.63, p = 0.05). In postexposure samples, miR-222 expression was positively correlated with lead exposure (β = 0.41, p = 0.02), whereas miR-21 expression was associated with blood 8-hydroxyguanine (β = 0.11, p = 0.03) but not with individual PM size fractions or metal components. Postexposure expression of miR-146a was not significantly different from baseline (baseline = 0.61 ± 2.42, postexposure = 1.90 ± 3.94, p = 0.19) but was negatively correlated with exposure to lead (β = −0.51, p = 0.011) and cadmium (β = −0.42, p = 0.04). Conclusions Changes in miRNA expression may represent a novel mechanism mediating responses to PM and its metal components.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                valen222@126.com
                xqian@nju.edu.cn
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                25 May 2020
                25 May 2020
                2020
                : 10
                : 8605
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2314 964X, GRID grid.41156.37, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, ; Nanjing, 210023 China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0089 5711, GRID grid.260474.3, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, ; Nanjing, 210023 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.260478.f, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, ; Nanjing, 210044 China
                [4 ]GRID grid.260478.f, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, ; Nanjing, 210044 China
                Article
                65677
                10.1038/s41598-020-65677-8
                7248096
                32451422
                81970729-5ccb-46ec-b345-677acd027115
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 17 February 2020
                : 5 May 2020
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                © The Author(s) 2020

                Uncategorized
                atmospheric chemistry,geomagnetism,statistics
                Uncategorized
                atmospheric chemistry, geomagnetism, statistics

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