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      Biopolítica multiespécie: animais dóceis e matáveis Translated title: Biopolítica multiespècie: animals dòcils i matables Translated title: Multispecies biopolitics: Docile and killable animals Translated title: Biopolítica multispecie: animales dóciles y matables

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          Abstract

          Resumo A partir de conceitos propostos por M. Foucault e G. Agamben, tais como biopolítica, disciplina, soberania e vida nua, realizamos uma discussão sobre os conflitos de interesse existentes na relação humano-animais contemporâneas, e apostamos na biopolítica como uma de suas chaves de leitura. A hipótese é de que os referenciais biopolíticos podem enriquecer a discussão sobre as relações humano-animais, ética animal e bioética. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória, levantamos diversas pesquisas que apontam que, por um lado, a biopolítica não é um modo de governo exclusivo da vida humana, e se estende, antes, a toda uma série de viventes: de camundongos de laboratório a vacas leiteiras; por outro, se os animais estão imersos no paradigma da majoração da vida, seus corpos e vidas também são expostos ao poder soberano. Portanto, temos produção, administração e disciplina, mas também temos vida nua, soberania e mortes sem assassinatos. Os animais flutuam, ao menos em algumas relações, entre vidas dóceis e vidas matáveis.

          Translated abstract

          Resum Partint de conceptes proposats per Michel Foucault i Giorgio Agamben -com biopolítica, disciplina, sobirania i vida nua-, desenvolupem una discussió sobre els conflictes d'interessos existents en la relació humà-animal i apostem per la biopolítica com una de les seves claus de lectura. La hipòtesi és que les referències biopolítiques poden enriquir la discussió sobre les relacions humà-animal, l'ètica animal i la bioètica. A partir d'una revisió bibliogràfica exploratòria, plantegem diversos treballs que assenyalen que, d'una banda, la biopolítica no és una forma exclusiva de governar la vida humana, sinó que s'estén a tota una sèrie d'éssers vius: des de ratolins de laboratori fins a vaques lleteres. D'altra banda, si els animals estan immersos en el paradigma d'augmentar la vida, els seus cossos i vides també estan exposats al poder sobirà. Llavors tenim producció, administració i disciplina, però també tenim vida, sobirania i mort sense assassinat. Els animals fluctuen, almenys en algunes relacions, entre vides dòcils i vides que es poden matar

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Based on concepts proposed by M. Foucault and G. Agamben, such as biopolitics, discipline, sovereignty and naked life, we held a discussion about contemporaneous conflicts of interest present in human-animal relations and bet on biopolitics as one of its keys for reading. The hypothesis is that biopolitical references can enrich the discussion about human-animal relations, animal ethics and bioethics. From an exploratory bibliographic review, we raised several works that point out that, on the one hand, biopolitics is not a government exclusive of human life, and extends, rather, to a whole series of living beings: from laboratory mice to dairy cows; on the other hand, if animals are immersed in the paradigm of augmentation of life, of biopolitics, their bodies and lives are also exposed to sovereign power. Therefore, human-animal relations are constituted by production, administration, and discipline, but also bare life, sovereignty, and deaths without murder. Animals float, at least in some relationships, between docile land killable lives.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Partiendo de conceptos propuestos por M. Foucault y G. Agamben, como biopolítica, disciplina, soberanía y vida desnuda, realizamos una discusión sobre los conflictos de intereses existentes en la relación humano-animal, y apostamos por la biopolítica como una de sus claves de lectura. La hipótesis es que las referencias biopolíticas pueden enriquecer la discusión sobre las relaciones humano-animal, la ética animal y la bioética. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria, planteamos varios trabajos que señalan que, por un lado, la biopolítica no es una forma exclusiva de gobernar la vida humana, sino que se extiende a toda una serie de seres vivos: desde ratones de laboratorio hasta vacas lecheras; por otro lado, si los animales están inmersos en el paradigma de aumentar la vida, sus cuerpos y vidas también están expuestos al poder soberano. Entonces tenemos producción, administración y disciplina, pero también tenemos vida, soberanía y muerte sin asesinato. Los animales fluctúan, al menos en algunas relaciones, entre vidas dóciles y vidas que se pueden matar.

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          Mirrors and Windows: Sociocultural Studies of Human-Animal Relationships

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              From “Animal Machines” to “Happy Meat”? Foucault's Ideas of Disciplinary and Pastoral Power Applied to ‘Animal-Centred’ Welfare Discourse

              Simple Summary This paper considers some recent developments in ‘animal-centred’ welfare science, which acknowledges the sentience of ‘farmed’ animals, alongside the emergence of a market for ‘happy meat’, which offers assurances of care and consideration for ‘farmed’ animals to concerned consumers. Both appear to challenge the instrumental ‘machine’ model characteristic of ‘factory farming’. However, in both cases, this paper argues that these discourses of consideration for the well-being of ‘farmed’ animals work to appease and deflect ethical concerns while facilitating the continued exploitation of ‘farmed’ animals. Abstract Michel Foucault's work traces shifting techniques in the governance of humans, from the production of ‘docile bodies’ subjected to the knowledge formations of the human sciences (disciplinary power), to the facilitation of self-governing agents directed towards specified forms of self-knowledge by quasi-therapeutic authorities (pastoral power). While mindful of the important differences between the governance of human subjects and the oppression of nonhuman animals, exemplified in nonhuman animals' legal status as property, this paper explores parallel shifts from disciplinary to pastoral regimes of human-‘farmed’ animal relations. Recent innovations in ‘animal-centred’ welfare science represent a trend away from the ‘disciplinary’ techniques of confinement and torture associated with ‘factory farms’ and towards quasi-therapeutic ways of claiming to know ‘farmed’ animals, in which the animals themselves are co-opted into the processes by which knowledge about them is generated. The new pastoral turn in ‘animal-centred’ welfare finds popular expression in ‘happy meat’ discourses that invite ‘consumers’ to adopt a position of vicarious carer for the ‘farmed’ animals who they eat. The paper concludes that while ‘animal-centred’ welfare reform and ‘happy meat’ discourses promise a possibility of a somewhat less degraded life for some ‘farmed’ animals, they do so by perpetuating exploitation and oppression and entrenching speciesist privilege by making it less vulnerable to critical scrutiny.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bioetica
                Revista de Bioética y Derecho
                Rev. Bioética y Derecho
                Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1886-5887
                2022
                : 55
                : 147-163
                Affiliations
                [1] Paraná orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Brazil
                [2] Paraná orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1886-58872022000200009 S1886-5887(22)00005500009
                10.1344/rbd2022.55.36655
                819759c7-5b99-4343-9047-7bfd5f4d6bf1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2021
                : 04 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Spain


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