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      Constituents of Essential Oil and Lipid Fraction from the Aerial Part of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (Apiaceae) from Different Habitats

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          Abstract

          The essential oils and lipid fraction extracted from the aerial parts of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium were determined by a GC-MS method. In total, up to 67 components were identified. cis- β-Ocimene, trans- β-ocimene, limonene, α-pinene, α-copaene, β-elemene, and caryophyllene oxide were recognized as consistent components of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium, regardless of the habitat. The content of these components varied from traces to a significant amount. The volume of the lipid fraction varied from 2.73 to 9.38%. In total, 23 components were identified, including 20 fatty acids, two sterols, and one ketone. The major fatty acid components identified were 16:0, 18:2n9, and 18:1n9. The total content of these fatty acids reached up to 76.19%. The lipid fraction of the aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium predominantly contained MUFA and PUFA, which confirmed the pharmacological value of the species. The main factors affecting the composition of essential oils and lipid fractions of B. scorzonerifolium are environmental ones that determine the moisture supply to the plants in semiarid and arid areas.

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          A systematic review of the active saikosaponins and extracts isolated from Radix Bupleuri and their applications

          Abstract Context: Radix Bupleuri has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years with functions of relieving exterior syndrome, clearing heat, regulating liver-qi, and lifting yang-qi. More natural active compounds, especially saikosaponins, have been isolated from Radix Bupleuri, which possess various valuable pharmacological activities. Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on pharmacological activities, mechanisms and applications of extracts and saikosaponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri, and obtain new insights for further research and development of Radix Bupleuri. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Research Gate, Academic Journals and Google Scholar were used as information sources through the inclusion of the search terms ‘Radix Bupleuri’, ‘Bupleurum’, ‘saikosaponins’, ‘Radix Bupleuri preparation’, and their combinations, mainly from the year 2008 to 2016 without language restriction. Clinical preparations containing Radix Bupleuri were collected from official website of China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). Results and conclusion: 296 papers were searched and 128 papers were reviewed. A broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo research has proved that Radix Bupleuri extracts, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, saikosaponin c, and saikosaponin b2, exhibit evident anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, anti-allergic, immunoregulation, and neuroregulation activities mainly through NF-κB, MAPK or other pathways. 15 clinical preparations approved by CFDA remarkably broaden the application of Radix Bupleuri. The main side effect of Radix Bupleuri is liver damage when the dosage is excess, which indicates that the maximum tolerated dose is critical for clinical use of Radix Bupleuri extract and purified compounds.
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            Anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities induced by an alkali-extracted polysaccharide BCAP-1 from Bupleurum chinense via NF-κB signaling pathway.

            Bupleurum chinense is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides extracted from medical plants possess multiple healthy benefits. In the present study, an alkali-extracted polysaccharide (BCAP-1) was isolated from Bupleurum chinense, and evaluated its physicochemical features, anti-tumor activities and immunomodulatory effects. BCAP-1 was obtained by alkali-extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionation by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B columns. BCAP-1 markedly inhibited Sarcoma 180tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice, and increased the secretion of TNF-α in serum. MTT assay showed that BCAP-1 had no cytotoxicity against S-180 tumor cells. BCAP-1 enhanced the secretion of TNF-α and NO, and the transcripts of TNF-α and iNOS were increased. Meanwhile, BCAP-1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of p65 and decreased the expression of IκB in macrophages. These results suggest that BCAP-1 could activate macrophages through NF-κB signaling pathway, and the anti-tumor effects of BCAP-1 can be achieved by its immunostimulating features.
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              Neuroprotective oleanane triterpenes from the roots of Bupleurum chinense

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                20 June 2018
                June 2018
                : 23
                : 6
                : 1496
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia; gagarin199313@ 123456gmail.com (Z.A.T.); zhig2@ 123456yandex.ru (S.V.Z.); vvtaraskin@ 123456mail.ru (V.V.T.); radld@ 123456mail.ru (L.D.R.)
                [2 ]Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; slchen@ 123456nwipb.cas.cn
                [3 ]Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, China
                [4 ]Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russia; anen@ 123456yandex.ru
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: fqzhang@ 123456nwipb.cas.cn ; Tel.: +86-0971-6105845
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-2494
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-0068
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-6078
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-2629
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-7154
                Article
                molecules-23-01496
                10.3390/molecules23061496
                6100243
                29925820
                81d48988-b4a2-4fb2-bf5d-3287f65dd64f
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 09 May 2018
                : 16 June 2018
                Categories
                Article

                bupleurum scorzonerifolium,gc-ms,pca,environmental
                bupleurum scorzonerifolium, gc-ms, pca, environmental

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