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      Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging

      research-article
      Author(s): * ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets
      Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
      Keywords: Inflammation, skin aging, stress response.

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          Abstract

          The intricate relationship between stress and skin conditions has been documented since ancient times. Recent clinical observations also link psychological stress to the onset or aggravation of multiple skin diseases. However, the exact underlying mechanisms have only been studied and partially revealed in the past 20 years or so. In this review, the authors will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of “Brain-Skin Connection”, summarizing findings from the overlapping fields of psychology, endocrinology, skin neurobiology, skin inflammation, immunology, and pharmacology.

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          Most cited references199

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          Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis.

          Colin N A Palmer, Alan D. Irvine, Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski … (2006)
          Atopic disease, including atopic dermatitis (eczema), allergy and asthma, has increased in frequency in recent decades and now affects approximately 20% of the population in the developed world. Twin and family studies have shown that predisposition to atopic disease is highly heritable. Although most genetic studies have focused on immunological mechanisms, a primary epithelial barrier defect has been anticipated. Filaggrin is a key protein that facilitates terminal differentiation of the epidermis and formation of the skin barrier. Here we show that two independent loss-of-function genetic variants (R510X and 2282del4) in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are very strong predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis. These variants are carried by approximately 9% of people of European origin. These variants also show highly significant association with asthma occurring in the context of atopic dermatitis. This work establishes a key role for impaired skin barrier function in the development of atopic disease.
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            Aging and wound healing.

            Luisa A. DiPietro, Ankush Gosain (2004)
            Impaired wound healing in the elderly presents a major clinical and economic problem. With the aging population growing in both number and percentage, the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying age-related impairments in healing is increased. Normal skin exhibits characteristic changes with age that have implications for wound healing. Additionally, the process of wound healing is altered in aged individuals. Although historically healing in the aged was considered defective, there is now consensus that healing in the elderly is delayed but the final result is qualitatively similar to that in young subjects.
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              Linking functional decline of telomeres, mitochondria and stem cells during ageing.

              Ergun Sahin, Ronald DePinho (2010)
              The study of human genetic disorders and mutant mouse models has provided evidence that genome maintenance mechanisms, DNA damage signalling and metabolic regulation cooperate to drive the ageing process. In particular, age-associated telomere damage, diminution of telomere 'capping' function and associated p53 activation have emerged as prime instigators of a functional decline of tissue stem cells and of mitochondrial dysfunction that adversely affect renewal and bioenergetic support in diverse tissues. Constructing a model of how telomeres, stem cells and mitochondria interact with key molecules governing genome integrity, 'stemness' and metabolism provides a framework for how diverse factors contribute to ageing and age-related disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IADT
                Title: Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets
                Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1871-5281
                ISSN (Electronic): 2212-4055
                Publication date (Electronic): June 2014
                Publication date (Print): June 2014
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 177-190
                Affiliations
                Global R&D, Avon Products. 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY 10901, USA
                Author notes
                [* ] Address correspondence to this author at the Global R&D, Avon Products. 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY 10901, USA; Tel: 845-369-2522; Fax: 845-369-2405; E-mail: ying.chen@ 123456avon.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IADT-13-177
                DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140522104422
                PMC ID: 4082169
                PubMed ID: 24853682
                SO-VID: 81fd72cd-87b1-4659-81d9-a73e0f722f1f
                Copyright © © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers
                License:

                This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 6 January 2014
                Date revision received : 7 May 2014
                Date accepted : 20 May 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: inflammation,skin aging,stress response.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: inflammation, skin aging, stress response.

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