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      Validation of patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale scores in persons with multiple sclerosis

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          Abstract

          Background

          The Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) is a promising patient-reported outcome (PRO) of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, there is limited evidence regarding the validity of PDDS scores, despite its sound conceptual development and broad inclusion in MS research. This study examined the validity of the PDDS based on (1) the association with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and (2) the pattern of associations between PDDS and EDSS scores with Functional System (FS) scores as well as ambulatory and other outcomes.

          Methods

          96 persons with MS provided demographic/clinical information, completed the PDDS and other PROs including the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), and underwent a neurological examination for generating FS and EDSS scores. Participants completed assessments of cognition, ambulation including the 6-minute walk (6 MW), and wore an accelerometer during waking hours over seven days.

          Results

          There was a strong correlation between EDSS and PDDS scores ( ρ = .783). PDDS and EDSS scores were strongly correlated with Pyramidal ( ρ = .578 & ρ = .647, respectively) and Cerebellar ( ρ = .501 & ρ = .528, respectively) FS scores as well as 6 MW distance ( ρ = .704 & ρ = .805, respectively), MSWS-12 scores ( ρ = .801 & ρ = .729, respectively), and accelerometer steps/day ( ρ = -.740 & ρ = -.717, respectively).

          Conclusion

          This study provides novel evidence supporting the PDDS as valid PRO of disability in MS.

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          Most cited references38

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          Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS).

          J. Kurtzke (1983)
          One method of evaluating the degree of neurologic impairment in MS has been the combination of grades (0 = normal to 5 or 6 = maximal impairment) within 8 Functional Systems (FS) and an overall Disability Status Scale (DSS) that had steps from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS). A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 . . . 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 . . . 9.5). The lower portion is obligatorily defined by Functional System grades. The FS are Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Brain Stem, Sensory, Bowel & Bladder, Visual, Cerebral, and Other; the Sensory and Bowel & Bladder Systems have been revised. Patterns of FS and relations of FS by type and grade to the DSS are demonstrated.
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            Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix.

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              Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria".

              New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis integrating magnetic resonance image assessment with clinical and other paraclinical methods were introduced in 2001. The "McDonald Criteria" have been extensively assessed and used since 2001. New evidence and consensus now strengthen the role of these criteria in the multiple sclerosis diagnostic workup to demonstrate dissemination of lesions in time, to clarify the use of spinal cord lesions, and to simplify diagnosis of primary progressive disease. The 2005 Revisions to the McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for MS should simplify and speed diagnosis, whereas maintaining adequate sensitivity and specificity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                BMC Neurol
                BMC Neurol
                BMC Neurology
                BioMed Central
                1471-2377
                2013
                25 April 2013
                : 13
                : 37
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
                [2 ]College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
                [3 ]Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, USA
                [4 ]Biogen Idec, Weston, MA, USA
                Article
                1471-2377-13-37
                10.1186/1471-2377-13-37
                3651716
                23617555
                82046b3a-7f73-41c0-95a4-debac0afd0a3
                Copyright ©2013 Learmonth et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 January 2013
                : 19 April 2013
                Categories
                Research Article

                Neurology
                Neurology

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