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      Manejo terapéutico de aspergilosis invasiva en paciente trasplantado e isavuconazol como nueva alternativa antifúngica Translated title: Therapeutic management of invasive aspergillosis in a transplant patient and isavuconazole as a new antifungal alternative

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las infecciones oportunistas en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de órgano sólido (TOS) son una causa de morbimortalidad muy importante. Entre ellas las infecciones fúngicas, aunque menos frecuentes, destacan por su alta mortalidad. Una de las infecciones por hongos más usual es la ocasionada por Aspergillus. El tratamiento de elección de aspergilosis invasiva en un paciente con TOS es voriconazol. Presentamos el caso de un paciente inmunodeprimido tras trasplante renal con cuadro de sepsis grave de origen respiratorio en probable contexto de una aspergilosis invasiva. El interés del caso radica en la intervención farmacéutica en el complejo manejo farmacológico del paciente a lo largo de su estancia en la Unidad de Críticos y en la terapia antimicrobiana satisfactoria con isavuconazol, un nuevo antifúngico.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Opportunistic infections in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (TOS) are a very important cause of morbidity and mortality. Among them, fungal infections, stand out for their higher mortality. One of the most frequent fungal infections is caused by Aspergillus. There are more than 150 species of Aspergillus, being Aspergillus fumigatus the most common agent of invasive fungal infections in human. Gold standard treatment for invasive aspergillosis in a patient withTOS is voriconazole. We present the case of a kidney transplanted and immunocompromised patient with severe sepsis of respiratory origin in context of invasive aspergillosis. Interest of this case lies on the multiple pharmaceutical interventions in the patient's complex pharmacological management throughout his stay in the critics unit and satisfactory treatment with isavuconazole, a new antifungal.

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          Most cited references5

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          Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

          It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
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            Role of isavuconazole in the treatment of invasive fungal infections

            Despite recent advances in both diagnosis and prevention, the incidence of invasive fungal infections continues to rise. Available antifungal agents to treat invasive fungal infections include polyenes, triazoles, and echinocandins. Unfortunately, individual agents within each class may be limited by spectrum of activity, resistance, lack of oral formulations, significant adverse event profiles, substantial drug–drug interactions, and/or variable pharmacokinetic profiles. Isavuconazole, a second-generation triazole, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2015 and the European Medicines Agency in July 2015 for the treatment of adults with invasive aspergillosis (IA) or mucormycosis. Similar to amphotericin B and posaconazole, isavuconazole exhibits a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against yeasts, dimorphic fungi, and molds. Isavuconazole is available in both oral and intravenous formulations, exhibits a favorable safety profile (notably the absence of QTc prolongation), and reduced drug–drug interactions (relative to voriconazole). Phase 3 studies have evaluated the efficacy of isavuconazole in the management of IA, mucormycosis, and invasive candidiasis. Based on the results of these studies, isavuconazole appears to be a viable treatment option for patients with IA as well as those patients with mucormycosis who are not able to tolerate or fail amphotericin B or posaconazole therapy. In contrast, evidence of isavuconazole for invasive candidiasis (relative to comparator agents such as echinocandins) is not as robust. Therefore, isavuconazole use for invasive candidiasis may initially be reserved as a step-down oral option in those patients who cannot receive other azoles due to tolerability or spectrum of activity limitations. Post-marketing surveillance of isavuconazole will be important to better understand the safety and efficacy of this agent, as well as to better define the need for isavuconazole serum concentration monitoring.
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              Executive summary of clinical practice guideline for the management of invasive diseases caused by Aspergillus : 2018 Update by the GEMICOMED-SEIMC/REIPI

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                December 2021
                : 31
                : 4
                : 425-427
                Affiliations
                [1] Ourense orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [2] Ourense orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000400017 S1699-714X(21)03100400017
                10.4321/s1699-714x20210004000017
                8209030e-30a9-4d19-aa56-9e8f776d76f0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2020
                : 27 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 5, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                Aspergillus,transplants,sepsis,transplante
                Aspergillus, transplants, sepsis, transplante

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