El consumo de sustancias como factor de riesgo para la conducta delictiva: una revisión sistemática  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Substance abuse as a risk factor for criminal behavior: a systematic review </span>

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Abstract

Resumen La delincuencia es un problema social que merece el estudio de sus causas para su prevención. A lo largo de la historia, se ha estudiado la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias y el crimen, aunque esta relación no está clara. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los últimos hallazgos relativos a la consideración del consumo como factor de riesgo para el delito. Se trata de una Revisión Sistemática de trabajos empíricos concernientes al estudio del consumo como posible factor de riesgo de desarrollo de conductas delictivas, publicados entre 2010 y 2015, en español, inglés y portugués. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline y Psicodoc, se incluyeron treinta y dos estudios que se revisaron con una lista de comprobación de calidad de artículos epidemiológicos. Como resultados se indica que la mayoría de los trabajos incluídos se centraban en el consumo de alcohol, de cannabis o el policonsumo, y casi un 80 % coinciden en que el consumo representa un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de ciertas tipologias delictivas. Como conclusión, conocer este factor de riesgo, podría utilizarse como medio de prevención. Finalmente, se destaca la posibilidad de sesgo de información.

Translated abstract

Abstract Delinquency is a social problem that deserves study to be prevented. Throughout history, the association between substance abuse and crime has been studied, although this relationship is unclear. The main aim of this paper is to present the latest findings concerning the consideration of substance use as a risk factor for crime. This paper is a systematic review of empirical studies regarding the study of substance as a possible risk factor for the development of criminal conduct, published between 2010 and 2015, in Spanish, English and Portuguese. A systematic search at Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Psicodoc was carried out, including a total of thirty-two studies reviewed with a checklist of the quality of epidemiological papers. The majority of papers focused on alcohol, cannabis or poly-drug use, and almost 80 % agree that consumption is a risk factor for the development of criminal behavior and some types of crimes. This review concludes that the knowledge that consumption represents a risk factor could be used as a means of prevention. The possibility of information bias limitation is highlighted.

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Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: a randomized controlled trial.

H Pope, E Kouri, J Hudson (2000)

Field studies of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid users suggest that some develop manic or aggressive reactions to these drugs-a potential public health problem. However, controlled laboratory evaluations of these effects remain limited. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we administered testosterone cypionate for 6 weeks in doses rising to 600 mg/wk and placebo for 6 weeks, separated by 6 weeks of no treatment, to 56 men aged 20 to 50 years. Psychiatric outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (a computerized provocation test of aggression), the Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry, the Symptom Checklist-90-R, daily diaries of manic and depressive symptoms, and similar weekly diaries completed by a "significant other" who knew the participant well. Testosterone treatment significantly increased manic scores on the YMRS (P = .002), manic scores on daily diaries (P = .003), visual analog ratings of liking the drug effect (P = .008), and aggressive responses on the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (P = .03). Drug response was highly variable: of 50 participants who received 600 mg/wk of testosterone cypionate, 42 (84%) exhibited minimal psychiatric effects (maximum YMRS score, or =20). The 8 "responders" and 42 "nonresponders" did not differ significantly on baseline demographic, psychological, laboratory, or physiological measures. Testosterone administration, 600 mg/wk increased ratings of manic symptoms in normal men. This effect, however, was not uniform across individuals; most showed little psychological change, whereas a few developed prominent effects. The mechanism of these variable reactions remains unclear.