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      Intervención educativa sobre educación sexual en adolescentes de una escuela secundaria básica. Unión de Reyes, Matanzas, Cuba Translated title: Educational intervention on Sexual Education in adolescents of a Basic High school, Union of Reyes, Matanzas - Cuba

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          Abstract

          Introducción: la intervención sobre educación sexual se emplea en muchos países del mundo con excelentes resultados, ya que al promover la auto responsabilidad en los jóvenes se genera una conducta sexual responsable. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre educación sexual en estudiantes de una escuela secundaria básica, en el campo. Métodos: se diseñó y ejecutó un estudio cuasi experimental. Se aplicó una encuesta inicial, mediante la que se determinaron las necesidades de aprendizaje y, a partir de sus resultados, se desarrolló el programa de intervención. Resultados: excepto los criterios sobre el uso del condón, que fueron adecuados, desde el inicio se comprobó que después de la intervención se logró elevar los conocimientos y las actitudes relacionadas con las infecciones de transmisión sexual, así como su comprometimiento con la salud del grupo. Conclusiones: los programas de intervención educativa en adolescentes deben considerar las características propias del grupo diana, así como sus aspiraciones y necesidades, para lograr sus propósitos y, con ello, garantizar una mayor calidad de vida en ese grupo poblacional.

          Translated abstract

          Background: the intervention on sexual education is used in many countries around the world with outstanding outcomes, because at the time it promotes youth’s self-responsibility, it also engenders a responsible sexual behavior. Aim: evaluating the impact of an educative intervention on sexual education in students of a basic high school in the country side. Methods: it was designed and carried out an almost-experimental study, applying an initial inquiry to determine teenagers learning necessities on the topic; the interventional program was developed on the basis of the results. Outcomes: except for the criteria on the condom usage, that were the adequate ones from the beginning, there it was an improvement of the knowledge on and attitudes toward the sexual transmitted infections and also of the individual students´ commitment with the group sexual health after the intervention. Conclusions: the educative interventional programs in teenagers should take into consideration the characteristics of the target group, and also their yearnings and necessities to achieve the aims and warranting a better life quality of that population group.

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          Poverty, AIDS and child health: Identifying highest-risk children in South Africa

          BACKGROUND: Identifying children at the highest risk of negative health effects is a prerequisite to effective public health policies in Southern Africa. A central ongoing debate is whether poverty, orphanhood or parental AIDS most reliably indicates child health risks. Attempts to address this key question have been constrained by a lack of data allowing distinction of AIDS-specific parental death or morbidity from other causes of orphanhood and chronic illness. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether household poverty, orphanhood and parental illness (by AIDS or other causes) independently or interactively predict child health, developmental and HIV-infection risks. METHODS: We interviewed 6 002 children aged 10 - 17 years in 2009 - 2011, using stratified random sampling in six urban and rural sites across three South African provinces. Outcomes were child mental health risks, educational risks and HIV-infection risks. Regression models that controlled for socio-demographic co-factors tested potential impacts and interactions of poverty, AIDS-specific and other orphanhood and parental illness status. RESULTS: Household poverty independently predicted child mental health and educational risks, AIDS orphanhood independently predicted mental health risks and parental AIDS illness independently predicted mental health, educational and HIV-infection risks. Interaction effects of poverty with AIDS orphanhood and parental AIDS illness were found across all outcomes. No effects, or interactions with poverty, were shown by AIDS-unrelated orphanhood or parental illness. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of children at highest risk requires recognition and measurement of both poverty and parental AIDS. This study shows negative impacts of poverty and AIDS-specific vulnerabilities distinct from orphanhood and adult illness more generally. Additionally, effects of interaction between family AIDS and poverty suggest that, where these co-exist, children are at highest risk of all.
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            Consideraciones del uso de anticonceptivos en la adolescencia

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              Intervención educativa en VIH/SIDA a adolescentes del Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas "Carlos Marx", de Matanzas

              La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), adquirida a través de relaciones sexuales de riesgo, conlleva una importante morbilidad y mortalidad, sobre todo en personas jóvenes. Con una adecuada prevención, los adolescentes podrían determinar el futuro de la epidemia adoptando comportamientos sexuales responsables, por lo que nos propusimos caracterizar a los adolescentes e implementar una intervención educativa. Para esto, y de forma prospectiva, se encuestó a una muestra de 240 adolescentes de décimo grado del Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas "Carlos Marx", de Matanzas, en el período 2008-2009. Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante el programa Statcalc de Epiinfo y se compararon conocimientos y actitudes, antes y después de la intervención. Predominó el sexo femenino con edades entre 15 y 16 años. Poco más de la mitad de los estudiantes inició las relaciones sexuales a una edad media de 13,8 años, y de ellos, solo dos tercios utilizaron el condón de forma permanente. No conocían la diferencia entre sexo seguro y sexo protegido. Los medios de comunicación masiva fueron las principales fuentes de información. Tuvieron dificultades para diferenciar el portador del enfermo, así como el momento de realizar la prueba del VIH. La actitud hacia la enfermedad se valora de positiva y se demostró la influencia de pares para tomar decisiones. Se constató incremento de los conocimientos sobre el VIH, pero disonancia con el comportamiento sexual, lo que indica una necesaria continuidad en el trabajo educativo.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rme
                Revista Médica Electrónica
                Rev.Med.Electrón.
                CENTRO PROVINCIAL DE INFORMACIÓN DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS. MATANZAS (Matanzas )
                1684-1824
                October 2014
                : 36
                : 5
                : 572-582
                Article
                S1684-18242014000500005
                821c94c7-28aa-4dac-8ebe-55fa942c70b6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1684-1824&lng=en
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                intervención educativa,sexually transmitted infections,educative intervention,adolescentes,teenagers,infecciones de transmisión sexual

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