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      A Photorhabdus Natural Product Inhibits Insect Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase

      research-article
      [a] , [a] , [a] , [b] , [c] , [d] , [e] , [e] , [a] , [a] , [f] , [g] , [h] , [i] , [j] , [a] , [k] , [h] , [l] , [c] , [e] , [d] , [b] , [a] , [m]
      Chembiochem
      WILEY-VCH Verlag
      biosynthesis, entomopathogenic bacteria, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, natural products, Photorhabdus

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          Abstract

          Simple urea compounds (“phurealipids”) have been identified from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, and their biosynthesis was elucidated. Very similar analogues of these compounds have been previously developed as inhibitors of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), a key enzyme in insect development and growth. Phurealipids also inhibit JHEH, and therefore phurealipids might contribute to bacterial virulence.

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          Most cited references35

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            The Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Superfluid Gas in an Optical Cavity

            A phase transition describes the sudden change of state in a physical system, such as the transition between a fluid and a solid. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiment and generic models which capture the underlying physics. A fundamental concept to describe the collective matter-light interaction is the Dicke model which has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-ranged interactions between the condensed atoms. These are induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. The work opens the field of quantum gases with long-ranged interactions, and provides access to novel quantum phases.
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              Quorum sensing: cell-to-cell communication in bacteria.

              Bacteria communicate with one another using chemical signal molecules. As in higher organisms, the information supplied by these molecules is critical for synchronizing the activities of large groups of cells. In bacteria, chemical communication involves producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to small hormone-like molecules termed autoinducers . This process, termed quorum sensing, allows bacteria to monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter behavior on a population-wide scale in response to changes in the number and/or species present in a community. Most quorum-sensing-controlled processes are unproductive when undertaken by an individual bacterium acting alone but become beneficial when carried out simultaneously by a large number of cells. Thus, quorum sensing confuses the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes because it enables bacteria to act as multicellular organisms. This review focuses on the architectures of bacterial chemical communication networks; how chemical information is integrated, processed, and transduced to control gene expression; how intra- and interspecies cell-cell communication is accomplished; and the intriguing possibility of prokaryote-eukaryote cross-communication.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chembiochem
                Chembiochem
                cbic
                Chembiochem
                WILEY-VCH Verlag (Weinheim )
                1439-4227
                1439-7633
                23 March 2015
                25 February 2015
                : 16
                : 5
                : 766-771
                Affiliations
                [[a] ]Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany) E-mail: h.bode@ 123456bio.uni-frankfurt.de
                [[b] ]Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
                [[c] ]Department Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394 Giessen (Germany)
                [[d] ]Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison 1550 Linden Dr,. Madison, WI, 53706 (USA)
                [[e] ]Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
                [[f] ]Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB (UK)
                [[g] ]Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Parasite Chemotherapy, University of Basel Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel (Switzerland)
                [[h] ]Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen (Germany)
                [[i] ]Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi (Vietnam)
                [[j] ]Department of Microbiology and Parasiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University 99 Moo 9 Phitsanulok-Nakhon Sawan Road, Tha Pho Mueang Phitsanulok, 65000 Phitsanulok (Thailand)
                [[k] ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine Bangkok 10400 (Thailand)
                [[l] ]Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Infection, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Coventry, CV4 7AL (UK)
                [[m] ]Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
                Author notes

                Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201402650.

                Article
                10.1002/cbic.201402650
                4486325
                25711603
                821d8a58-23af-44b4-9592-d1f12b9600e1
                © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
                History
                : 07 November 2014
                Categories
                Full Papers

                Biochemistry
                biosynthesis,entomopathogenic bacteria,juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase inhibitor,natural products,photorhabdus

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