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      Suitability of spider mites and green peach aphids as prey for Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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          Abstract

          The ladybird Eriopis connexa is an important natural enemy of several pest arthropods in agroecosystems. High population of this predator is frequently observed in strawberry and soybean crops associated with spider mites. We used two-sex life table parameters to evaluate under laboratory conditions, the suitability of three species of spider mites ( Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus ogmophallos), and a species of aphid ( Myzus persicae) as a prey for the predator E. connexa. Eriopis connexa completed immature development on all prey species except on T. evansi, in which all individuals of predator died before reaching the pupal stage. Among prey species that allowed the immature development of E. connexa, T. urticae and M. persicae provided a faster development time to the predator. Oviposition days, longevity and fecundity of E. connexa on T. urticae and M. persicae were substantially longer/higher than on T. ogmophallos. Net reproductive rate ( R 0), intrinsic rate of increase ( r), and finite rate of increase ( λ) of E. connexa feeding on T. urticae and M. persicae were also higher than those on T. ogmophallos. Based on the overall performance of the ladybird, the order of suitability of prey species was M. persicae >  T. urticae >  T. ogmophallos >  T. evansi.

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          Life-Table Analysis Incorporating Both Sexes and Variable Development Rates Among Individuals

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            Insights into the molecular regulation of monolignol-derived product biosynthesis in the growing hemp hypocotyl

            Background Lignin and lignans are both derived from the monolignol pathway. Despite the similarity of their building blocks, they fulfil different functions in planta. Lignin strengthens the tissues of the plant, while lignans are involved in plant defence and growth regulation. Their biosyntheses are tuned both spatially and temporally to suit the development of the plant (water conduction, reaction to stresses). We propose to study the general molecular events related to monolignol-derived product biosynthesis, especially lignin. It was previously shown that the growing hemp hypocotyl (between 6 and 20 days after sowing) is a valid system to study secondary growth and the molecular events accompanying lignification. The present work confirms the validity of this system, by using it to study the regulation of lignin and lignan biosynthesis. Microscopic observations, lignin analysis, proteomics, together with in situ laccase and peroxidase activity assays were carried out to understand the dynamics of lignin synthesis during the development of the hemp hypocotyl. Results Based on phylogenetic analysis and targeted gene expression, we suggest a role for the hemp dirigent and dirigent-like proteins in lignan biosynthesis. The transdisciplinary approach adopted resulted in the gene- and protein-level quantification of the main enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols and their oxidative coupling (laccases and class III peroxidases), in lignin deposition (dirigent-like proteins) and in the determination of the stereoconformation of lignans (dirigent proteins). Conclusions Our work sheds light on how, in the growing hemp hypocotyl, the provision of the precursors needed to synthesize the aromatic biomolecules lignin and lignans is regulated at the transcriptional and proteomic level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1213-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sidimatos@yahoo.com.br
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                16 May 2022
                16 May 2022
                2022
                : 12
                : 8029
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.410543.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2188 478X, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, , São Paulo State University (UNESP), ; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900 Brazil
                [2 ]Laboratory of Plant Parasitology, Biological Institute of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
                Article
                12078
                10.1038/s41598-022-12078-8
                9110729
                35577880
                821fb520-1d28-42ea-8b22-303d78819efb
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 2 July 2021
                : 27 April 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;
                Award ID: Finance Code 001
                Award ID: Finance Code 001
                Award ID: Finance Code 001
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;
                Award ID: Process No. 301492/2018-2
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Uncategorized
                agroecology,zoology,entomology
                Uncategorized
                agroecology, zoology, entomology

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