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      Complicaciones crónicas, hipertensión y obesidad en pacientes diabéticos en Cartagena, Colombia Translated title: Chronic complications, hypertension and obesity in diabetic patients living in Cartagena, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Objetivo Identificar la presencia de complicaciones crónicas y evaluar el control de obesidad e hipertensión en pacientes diabéticos pertenecientes a un programa de control y seguimiento en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con revisión de un total de 499 historias clínicas, en una Unidad básica de atención en salud de Cartagena de Indias en el año 2006. Utilizando un formulario estructurado, se tomaron datos sociodemográficos (edad y sexo), tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, hipertensión, obesidad, presencia de complicaciones crónicas y asistencia a citas de control. Resultados Del total de los pacientes, 161 (36 %) presentaban complicaciones crónicas, siendo las más frecuentes la neuropatía (41 %) y la nefropatía (29 %). Se halló más presencia de complicaciones en los pacientes de mayor edad. En las mujeres predominó la neuropatía (48,1 %) y en los hombres la nefropatía (45,6 %). La hipertensión arterial estuvo presente en el 80% de los pacientes, sin diferencia significativa entre los que presentaban o no complicaciones (83,2 y 77,2 % respectivamente). Sólo el 29 % de los pacientes presentaban peso normal, el resto mostraban obesidad (31 %) o sobrepeso (40 %). Los pacientes con complicaciones mostraron menor asistencia a citas de control. Conclusiones Es importante fortalecer las estrategias de control de peso corporal, hipertensión y cuidado de extremidades, y la búsqueda activa de retinopatía, para posponer o evitar la aparición de complicaciones crónicas.

          Translated abstract

          Objective Identifying the presence of chronic complications and evaluating obesity and hypertension control in diabetic patients taking part in a control and monitoring programme in Cartagena, Colombia. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which reviewed 499 medical records from a basic health care unit in Cartagena during 2006. Sociodemographic data (age and sex) and other information concerning disease stage, hypertension, obesity, chronic complications and attending control appointments were collected using a structured form. Results 161 (32 %) of the patients had chronic complications, the most frequently occurring being neuropathy (41 %) and nephropathy (29 %). More complications were found in older patients. Neuropathy predominated in women (48.1 %) and nephropathy in men (45.6 %); 80 % of the patients were suffering from hypertension. There was no significant difference between those who had complications and those who did not (83.2 % and 77.2 %, respectively). Only 29 % of the patients had normal weight, the rest were obese (31 %) or overweight (40 %). Patients with complications attended control appointments less frequently. Conclusions Body weight control strategies must be strengthened, as must hypertension and foot care strategies. An active search for retinopathy must be made to postpone or prevent the onset of chronic complications.

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          Diabetes prevalence and socioeconomic status: a population based study showing increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in deprived areas.

          To establish the relation between socioeconomic status and the age-sex specific prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hypothesis was that prevalence of type 2 diabetes would be inversely related to socioeconomic status but there would be no association with the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and socioeconomic status. Middlesbrough and East Cleveland, United Kingdom, district population 287,157. 4313 persons with diabetes identified from primary care and hospital records. The overall age adjusted prevalence was 15.60 per 1000 population. There was a significant trend between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and quintile of deprivation score in men and women (chi 2 for linear trend, p < 0.001). In men the prevalence in the least deprived quintile was 13.4 per 1000 (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 11.44, 15.36) compared with 17.22 per 1000 (95% CI 15.51, 18.92) in the most deprived. For women the prevalence was 10.84 per 1000 (95% CI 9.00, 12.69) compared with 15.48 per 1000 (95% CI 13.84, 17.11) in the most deprived. The increased prevalence of diabetes in the most deprived areas was accounted for by increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the age band 40-69 years. There was no association between the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and socioeconomic status. These data confirm an inverse association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the middle years of life. This finding suggests that exposure to factors that are implicated in the causation of diabetes is more common in deprived areas.
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            Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts.

            To report the age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) according to revised World Health Organization criteria for diabetes in Asian populations. We performed 11 studies of 4 countries, comprising 24,335 subjects (10,851 men and 13,484 women) aged 30-89 years who attended the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and met the inclusion criteria for data analysis. The prevalence of diabetes increased with age and reached the peak at 70-89 years of age in Chinese and Japanese subjects but peaked at 60-69 years of age followed by a decline at the 70 years of age in Indian subjects. At 30-79 years of age, the 10-year age-specific prevalence of diabetes was higher in Indian than in Chinese and Japanese subjects. Indian subjects also had a higher prevalence of IGR in the younger age-groups (30-49 years) compared with that for Chinese and Japanese subjects. Impaired glucose tolerance was more prevalent than impaired fasting glycemia in all Asian populations studied for all age-groups. Indians had the highest prevalence of diabetes among Asian countries. The age at which the peak prevalence of diabetes was reached was approximately 10 years younger in Indian compared with Chinese and Japanese subjects. Diabetes and IGR will be underestimated in Asians based on the fasting glucose testing alone.
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              Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsap
                Revista de Salud Pública
                Rev. salud pública
                Instituto de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, DF, Colombia )
                0124-0064
                December 2009
                : 11
                : 6
                : 857-864
                Affiliations
                [01] Cartagena de Indias orgnameUniversidad de San Buenaventura orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Colombia
                Article
                S0124-00642009000600002 S0124-0064(09)01100602
                82456b17-ad0f-4f3c-8519-741c408aa787

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 May 2009
                : 02 November 2009
                : 14 November 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos/Investigación

                Diabetes mellitus,complicaciones de la diabetes,enfermedad crónica,hipertensión,obesidad,diabetes complications,chronic disease,hypertension,obesity

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