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      Health and burnout of home health care assistants: Impact of a training intervention Translated title: Salud y burnout de cuidadores profesionales a domicilio: Impacto de una intervención formativa

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          Abstract

          Abstract: There is a growing need for care in developed countries, so the number of home health care assistants has increased exponentially. The literature has pointed out that this professional group is at high risk for a variety of health problems. Despite its importance, there are no described specific training interventions for it. This study describes a course for a group of female caregivers. A pre-post study is carried out to evaluate its effectiveness considering the following variables: the psychosocial state of health, the burnout and the dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving. The repeated measures ANOVA was used whenever possible and the Wilcoxon-test or the Mann Whitney-test were used as nonparametric tests. Dysfunctional thoughts were reduced after the course, being the effect size medium to large. Social dysfunction was reduced only in the group of women who were also family caregivers. We conclude that professional caregivers can benefit from brief training.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Existe una creciente necesidad de cuidados en los países desarrollados, por lo que el número de cuidadoras a domicilio ha aumentado de manera exponencial. La literatura ha señalado que este grupo profesional tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir una gran variedad de problemas de salud. A pesar de su importancia, no hay cursos de entrenamiento descritos para ellas. Este estudio describe el diseño de un curso psicoeducativo para un grupo de cuidadoras y muestra los resultados de un estudio pre-post para evaluar su efectividad considerando las siguientes variables: el estado psicosocial de salud, el agotamiento y los pensamientos disfuncionales sobre el cuidado. Una ANOVA de medidas repetidas se utilizó siempre que fue posible y la prueba de Wilcoxon o la prueba de Mann Whitney se usaron como pruebas no paramétricas. Los pensamientos disfuncionales se redujeron después del curso, siendo el tamaño del efecto mediano a grande. La disfunción social se redujo solo en el grupo de mujeres que también eran cuidadoras familiares. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las cuidadoras profesionales pueden beneficiarse de una breve capacitación.

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          The ASA's Statement onp-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose

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            Unemployment and ill health: understanding the relationship.

            To review research relevant to understanding the psychological, social, and biological pathways by which unemployment may affect health risk; to consider the importance of four specific mechanisms; and to indicate some directions for future research. Studies were chosen to illustrate the development of four major hypotheses regarding the relationship between unemployment and ill health, as well as the present state of knowledge. The review therefore includes some much-cited "classics" drawn from a long time span. Where recent reviews already exist relevant to individual mechanisms, these are referred to. Recent (since 1987) reports were sought by searching the BIDS data base. Particular effort was made to locate studies which enabled alternative hypotheses to be evaluated, and to point out where existing evidence is inconsistent or incomplete, indicating the need for further research. To understand the relationship between unemployment and ill health and mortality, four mechanisms need to be considered: the role of relative poverty; social isolation and loss of self esteem; health related behaviour (including that associated with membership of certain types of "subculture"); and the effect that a spell of unemployment has on subsequent employment patterns.
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              Invisible no more: a scoping review of the health care aide workforce literature

              Background Healthcare aides (HCAs) are the primary caregivers for vulnerable older persons. They have many titles and are largely unregulated, which contributes to their relative invisibility. The objective of this scoping review was to evaluate the breadth and depth of the HCA workforce literature. Methods We conducted a search of seven online bibliographic databases. Studies were included if published since 1995 in English, peer-reviewed journals. Results were iteratively synthesized within and across the following five categories: education, supply, use, demand and injury and illness. Results Of 5,045 citations screened, 82 studies met inclusion criteria. Few examined HCA education; particularly trainee characteristics, program location, length and content. Results in supply indicated that the average HCA was female, 36–45 years and had an education level of high school or less. Home health HCAs were, on average, older and were more likely to be immigrants than those working in other settings. The review of studies exploring HCA use revealed that their role was unclear – variation in duties, level of autonomy and work setting make describing “the” role of an HCA near impossible. Projected increased demand for HCAs and high rates of turnover, both at the profession and facility-level, elicit predictions of future HCA shortages. Home health HCAs experienced comparatively lower job stability, earned less, worked the fewest hours and were less likely to have fringe benefits than HCAs employed in hospitals and nursing homes. The review of studies related to HCA illness and injury revealed that they were at comparatively higher risk of injury than registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. Conclusions This is the largest, most comprehensive scoping review of HCA workforce literature to date. Our results indicate that the HCA workforce is both invisible and ubiquitous; as long as this is the case, governments and healthcare organizations will be limited in their ability to develop and implement feasible, effective HCA workforce plans. The continued undervaluation of HCAs adversely impacts care providers, the institutions they work for and those who depend on their care. Future workforce planning and research necessitates national HCA registries, or at minimum, directories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12912-015-0090-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                April 2020
                : 36
                : 1
                : 30-38
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversity of Sevilla orgdiv1Dep. Experimental Psychology Spain
                [1] orgnameUniversity of Sevilla orgdiv1Dep. Experimental Psychology Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282020000100004 S0212-9728(20)03600100004
                10.6018/analesps.36.1.348441
                827ba1d9-3f4f-4259-9e1d-c8d1461ea9de

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 November 2018
                : 02 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Multidisciplinary

                Home Health Care Assistant,Dementia,Psycho-educative intervention,Health,Burnout,Caregivers,Demencia,Cuidadoras a domicilio,Intervención Psicoeducativa,Salud,Cuidadoras

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