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      Relationship between Sedentary Time and Handgrip Strength in Healthy Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2016

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          Abstract

          Background

          This study aimed to examine the association between sitting time and handgrip strength in healthy Korean women.

          Methods

          A total of 5,437 participants were included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2016. The overall daily sitting time was estimated using health interview surveys, and handgrip strength was assessed using a digital hand dynamometer. The relationship between sitting time and handgrip strength was calculated with a weighted analysis of covariance after adjusting for confounding variables.

          Results

          Participants in each age group (19–39, 40–64, ≥65 years) were divided into three categories according to sitting time: ≤5, 6–9, and ≥10 h/d. The handgrip strength tended to decrease as sitting time increased after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, resistance exercise, aerobic physical activity, household income, education level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and depression in all age groups (all P<0.001).

          Conclusion

          We observed the inverse relationship between sitting time and handgrip strength in healthy Korean women.

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          Most cited references17

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          Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

          Charlotte Beaudart, Myriam Zaaria, Françoise Pasleau … (2017)
          Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess the short-, middle- and long-term consequences of sarcopenia. Methods Prospective studies assessing the consequences of sarcopenia were searched across different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews ACP Journal Club, EBM Reviews DARE and AMED). Only studies that used the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to diagnose sarcopenia were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. For outcomes reported by three or more studies, a meta-analysis was performed. The study results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. Results Of the 772 references identified through the database search, 17 were included in this systematic review. The number of participants in the included studies ranged from 99 to 6658, and the duration of follow-up varied from 3 months to 9.8 years. Eleven out of 12 studies assessed the impact of sarcopenia on mortality. The results showed a higher rate of mortality among sarcopenic subjects (pooled OR of 3.596 (95% CI 2.96–4.37)). The effect was higher in people aged 79 years or older compared with younger subjects (p = 0.02). Sarcopenia is also associated with functional decline (pooled OR of 6 studies 3.03 (95% CI 1.80–5.12)), a higher rate of falls (2/2 studies found a significant association) and a higher incidence of hospitalizations (1/1 study). The impact of sarcopenia on the incidence of fractures and the length of hospital stay was less clear (only 1/2 studies showed an association for both outcomes). Conclusion Sarcopenia is associated with several harmful outcomes, making this geriatric syndrome a real public health burden.
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            Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior.

            Neville Owen, Genevieve N Healy, Charles E. Matthews … (2010)
            Even when adults meet physical activity guidelines, sitting for prolonged periods can compromise metabolic health. Television (TV) time and objective measurement studies show deleterious associations, and breaking up sedentary time is beneficial. Sitting time, TV time, and time sitting in automobiles increase premature mortality risk. Further evidence from prospective studies, intervention trials, and population-based behavioral studies is required.
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              Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

              Peter Katzmarzyk, Timothy Church, Cora L Craig … (2009)
              Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is related to premature mortality, the relationship between sedentary behaviors and mortality has not been fully explored and may represent a different paradigm than that associated with lack of exercise. We prospectively examined sitting time and mortality in a representative sample of 17,013 Canadians 18-90 yr of age. Evaluation of daily sitting time (almost none of the time, one fourth of the time, half of the time, three fourths of the time, almost all of the time), leisure time physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption was conducted at baseline. Participants were followed prospectively for an average of 12.0 yr for the ascertainment of mortality status. There were 1832 deaths (759 of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 547 of cancer) during 204,732 person-yr of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a progressively higher risk of mortality across higher levels of sitting time from all causes (hazard ratios (HR): 1.00, 1.00, 1.11, 1.36, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) and CVD (HR:1.00, 1.01, 1.22, 1.47, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) but not cancer. Similar results were obtained when stratified by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates per 10,000 person-yr of follow-up were 87, 86, 105, 130, and 161 (P for trend <0.0001) in physically inactive participants and 75, 69, 76, 98, 105 (P for trend = 0.008) in active participants across sitting time categories. These data demonstrate a dose-response association between sitting time and mortality from all causes and CVD, independent of leisure time physical activity. In addition to the promotion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and a healthy weight, physicians should discourage sitting for extended periods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Fam Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J Fam Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): KJFM
                Title: Korean Journal of Family Medicine
                Publisher: Korean Academy of Family Medicine
                ISSN (Print): 2005-6443
                ISSN (Electronic): 2092-6715
                Publication date (Print): November 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 January 2020
                Volume: 41
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 422-426
                Affiliations
                Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Yong-Jae Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-476X Tel: +82-2-2019-2630, Fax: +82-2-3462-8209, E-mail: ukyjhome@ 123456yuhs.ac
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6904-6635
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-996X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-476X
                Article
                Publisher ID: kjfm-19-0062
                DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0062
                PMC ID: 7700831
                PubMed ID: 31902197
                SO-VID: 828870eb-7e7d-4884-9f5b-f2aee5e7f307
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 The Korean Academy of Family Medicine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 26 January 2019
                Date revision received : 23 July 2019
                Date accepted : 23 July 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: sedentary behavior,hand strength,surveys and questionnaires,physical examination
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: sedentary behavior, hand strength, surveys and questionnaires, physical examination

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