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      Evaluación de la conducta suicida en adolescentes: a propósito de la Escala Paykel de Suicidio Translated title: Evaluation of suicidal behavior in adolescents: the Paykel Suicide Scale

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          Abstract

          Resumen La conducta suicida es un problema socio-sanitario a nivel mundial; no obstante, en el contexto de la psicología española existen escasos instrumentos de medida debidamente validados y baremados en muestras representativas de la población adolescente. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este trabajo es presentar la Escala Paykel de Suicido como herramienta de evaluación de la conducta suicida en jóvenes españoles. En primer lugar, se realiza una breve delimitación conceptual de la conducta suicida, se mencionan datos epidemiológicos, modelos psicológicos y factores de riesgo y protección. En segundo lugar, se aborda la evaluación de la conducta suicida como eje nuclear en la detección, identificación, prevención e intervención, así como en la comprensión de este fenómeno. En tercer lugar, se introduce la Escala Paykel de Suicidio, de la mano de sus propiedades psicométricas y, en concreto, de su baremación en adolescentes españoles. Finalmente, se concluye a modo de recapitulación. La Escala Paykel parece ser un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo, útil y con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la valoración y/o el cribado de la conducta suicida en adolescentes. Puede ser utilizada en la evaluación general de la salud mental o exploración psicopatológica, así como en contextos educativos, sanitarios y/o sociales. Es transcendental que el profesional de la psicología disponga de adecuadas herramientas de evaluación de la conducta suicida de cara a tomar decisiones fundamentadas y optimizar la gestión de recursos educativos y socio-sanitarios.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Suicidal behavior a serious public health concern worldwide. Nevertheless, in the context of Spanish psychology few measuring instruments exist that have been validated with norm scores from representative samples of the adolescent population. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to present the Paykel Suicide Scale as a tool for assessing suicidal behavior in Spanish youth. First, a brief conceptual delimitation of suicidal behavior is made, and epidemiological data, psychological models, and risk and protection factors are mentioned. Second, the suicide assessment is presented as a nuclear axis for detection, identification, prevention, and intervention as well as in order to advance in our understanding of this phenomenon. Thirdly, the Paykel Suicide Scale is introduced, along with its psychometric properties, and specifically, its scale norms in the Spanish adolescent population. Finally, we conclude with a recapitulation. The Paykel Scale seems to be a brief, simple, useful instrument, with adequate psychometric properties to measure or screen suicidal behavior in adolescents. It can be used to assess mental health status in general examinations, as well as in educational, health, and social contexts. It is crucial for the professional psychologist to have adequate tools for assessing suicidal behavior in order to make informed decisions and to manage educational and socio-health resources effectively.

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          Most cited references52

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          The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note

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            The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults.

            Research on suicide prevention and interventions requires a standard method for assessing both suicidal ideation and behavior to identify those at risk and to track treatment response. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was designed to quantify the severity of suicidal ideation and behavior. The authors examined the psychometric properties of the scale. The C-SSRS's validity relative to other measures of suicidal ideation and behavior and the internal consistency of its intensity of ideation subscale were analyzed in three multisite studies: a treatment study of adolescent suicide attempters (N=124); a medication efficacy trial with depressed adolescents (N=312); and a study of adults presenting to an emergency department for psychiatric reasons (N=237). The C-SSRS demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity with other multi-informant suicidal ideation and behavior scales and had high sensitivity and specificity for suicidal behavior classifications compared with another behavior scale and an independent suicide evaluation board. Both the ideation and behavior subscales were sensitive to change over time. The intensity of ideation subscale demonstrated moderate to strong internal consistency. In the adolescent suicide attempters study, worst-point lifetime suicidal ideation on the C-SSRS predicted suicide attempts during the study, whereas the Scale for Suicide Ideation did not. Participants with the two highest levels of ideation severity (intent or intent with plan) at baseline had higher odds for attempting suicide during the study. These findings suggest that the C-SSRS is suitable for assessment of suicidal ideation and behavior in clinical and research settings.
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              Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology.

              In network approaches to psychopathology, disorders result from the causal interplay between symptoms (e.g., worry → insomnia → fatigue), possibly involving feedback loops (e.g., a person may engage in substance abuse to forget the problems that arose due to substance abuse). The present review examines methodologies suited to identify such symptom networks and discusses network analysis techniques that may be used to extract clinically and scientifically useful information from such networks (e.g., which symptom is most central in a person's network). The authors also show how network analysis techniques may be used to construct simulation models that mimic symptom dynamics. Network approaches naturally explain the limited success of traditional research strategies, which are typically based on the idea that symptoms are manifestations of some common underlying factor, while offering promising methodological alternatives. In addition, these techniques may offer possibilities to guide and evaluate therapeutic interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2020
                : 41
                : 2
                : 106-115
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnamePrograma Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA) España
                [1] La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja Spain
                [3] Asturias orgnameUniversidad de Oviedo orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Spain
                Article
                S0214-78232020000200106 S0214-7823(20)04100200106
                10.23923/pap.psicol2020.2928
                828daf93-e5c8-493e-811e-9e04c3d38782

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2020
                : 10 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                Validación,Suicidio,Conducta suicida,Adolescentes,Jóvenes,Baremación,Suicide,Suicidal behavior,Adolescents,Youth,Validation,Norms

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