81
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      How Prediction Errors Shape Perception, Attention, and Motivation

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Prediction errors (PE) are a central notion in theoretical models of reinforcement learning, perceptual inference, decision-making and cognition, and prediction error signals have been reported across a wide range of brain regions and experimental paradigms. Here, we will make an attempt to see the forest for the trees and consider the commonalities and differences of reported PE signals in light of recent suggestions that the computation of PE forms a fundamental mode of brain function. We discuss where different types of PE are encoded, how they are generated, and the different functional roles they fulfill. We suggest that while encoding of PE is a common computation across brain regions, the content and function of these error signals can be very different and are determined by the afferent and efferent connections within the neural circuitry in which they arise.

          Related collections

          Most cited references87

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing.

          An analysis of response latencies shows that when an image is presented to the visual system, neuronal activity is rapidly routed to a large number of visual areas. However, the activity of cortical neurons is not determined by this feedforward sweep alone. Horizontal connections within areas, and higher areas providing feedback, result in dynamic changes in tuning. The differences between feedforward and recurrent processing could prove pivotal in understanding the distinctions between attentive and pre-attentive vision as well as between conscious and unconscious vision. The feedforward sweep rapidly groups feature constellations that are hardwired in the visual brain, yet is probably incapable of yielding visual awareness; in many cases, recurrent processing is necessary before the features of an object are attentively grouped and the stimulus can enter consciousness.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The free-energy principle: a rough guide to the brain?

            This article reviews a free-energy formulation that advances Helmholtz's agenda to find principles of brain function based on conservation laws and neuronal energy. It rests on advances in statistical physics, theoretical biology and machine learning to explain a remarkable range of facts about brain structure and function. We could have just scratched the surface of what this formulation offers; for example, it is becoming clear that the Bayesian brain is just one facet of the free-energy principle and that perception is an inevitable consequence of active exchange with the environment. Furthermore, one can see easily how constructs like memory, attention, value, reinforcement and salience might disclose their simple relationships within this framework.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.

              Activity-dependent changes in synaptic function are believed to underlie the formation of memories. Two prominent examples are long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), whose mechanisms have been the subject of considerable scrutiny over the past few decades. Here we review the growing literature that supports a critical role for AMPA receptor trafficking in LTP and LTD, focusing on the roles proposed for specific AMPA receptor subunits and their interacting proteins. While much work remains to understand the molecular basis for synaptic plasticity, recent results on AMPA receptor trafficking provide a clear conceptual framework for future studies.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychology
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                17 October 2012
                11 December 2012
                2012
                : 3
                : 548
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
                [2] 2Center for Neural Science, New York University New York, NY, USA
                Author notes

                Edited by: Lars Muckli, University of Glasgow, UK

                Reviewed by: Christopher Summerfield, Oxford University, UK; Valentin Wyart, Ecole Normale Supérieure, France

                *Correspondence: Hanneke E. M. den Ouden, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. e-mail: h.denouden@ 123456donders.ru.nl

                This article was submitted to Frontiers in Perception Science, a specialty of Frontiers in Psychology.

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00548
                3518876
                23248610
                8298801c-32cc-4686-8d97-b94f0526b07f
                Copyright © 2012 den Ouden, Kok and de Lange.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

                History
                : 16 September 2012
                : 22 November 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 134, Pages: 12, Words: 11721
                Categories
                Psychology
                Review Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                prediction,prediction error,expectation,predictive coding,learning,perceptual inference,decision-making

                Comments

                Comment on this article