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      Modificaciones de los lípidos y lipoproteínas del plasma en obesos dislipidémicos sometidos a reducción ponderal a corto plazo con la dieta Cambridge

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          Abstract

          Se estudiaron 64 pacientes de los 2 sexos con edades entre 22 y 65 años y con índice de masa corporal superior a 30 kg/m2, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la dieta Cambridge como único soporte dietético (411-548 kcal/d) durante 8 semanas, sobre el colesterol, los triglicéridos, las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDLc) y las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDLc) en un grupo de obesos dislipidémicos (colesterol 5,2 mmol/L), que fueron divididos en 2 grupos de 32 cada uno: 1. Obesos dislipidémicos, no afectados por hipertensión arterial ni por diabetes mellitus. 2. Obesos no dislipidémicos, no hipertensos ni diabéticos. Se evaluaron las variables siguientes: peso (kg), diámetro de la cintura en (cm), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDLc y LDLc. Se calcularon los porcentajes de variación de cada una de las variables analizadas en cada etapa de su determinación en relación con el valor basal y se determinó su significación estadística mediante la prueba t de Student. Con la aplicación de la dieta Cambridge se logró en ambos grupos una sustancial reducción del peso corporal (aproximadamente 10 kg), la circunferencia de la cintura, las presiones arteriales sistólica y diastólica, así como de los niveles séricos del colesterol total, los triglicéridos, las LDLc y la elevación de las HDLc; estas modificaciones resultaron más significativas en la primera semana del tratamiento que en cualquiera de las otras. La dieta Cambridge constituye una opción dietética eficaz para lograr modificaciones favorables del colesterol, los triglicéridos y las lipoproteínas séricas, en obesos sometidos a reducción ponderal en un período corto de tiempo.

          Translated abstract

          64 patients of both sexes aged 22-65 and with a body mass index over 30 kg/m2 were studied aimed at determining the effect of Cambridge’s diet as a unique dietary support (411-548 kcal/d) during 8 weeks.on cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and low desity lipoproteins in a group of dyslipidemic obese patients (cholesterol 5.2 mmol/L), who were divided into 2 groups of 32 subjects each: 1. Dyslipidemic obeses that were not affected by hypertension or diabetes mellitus. 2. Non-dyslipidemic obese patients that had no hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The following variables were evaluated: weight (kg), hip circumference (cm), systolic and diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLc aand LDLc. The percentages of variation of every analyzed variable were calculated at each stage of its determination in relation to the basal value and its statistical significance was obtained by the Student’s t test. A substantial reduction of body weight (approximately 10 kg), hip circumference, systolic and diastolic pressure, and of the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDLc, as well as an increase of HDLc were observed. These modifications were more significant during the first week of treatment than in any other. Cambridge’s diet is a dietary option to attain favorable changes of cholesterol, triglycerides, serum lipoproteins among obese patients undergoing a short-term weight reducing program.

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          Most cited references35

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          Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise.

          We studied separately the influence of two methods for losing fat weight on the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight sedentary men--decreasing energy intake without increasing exercise (diet), and increasing energy expenditure without altering energy intake (exercise, primarily running)--in a one-year randomized controlled trial. As compared with controls (n = 42), dieters (n = 42) had significant loss of total body weight (-7.8 +/- 0.9 kg [mean +/- SE]), fat weight (-5.6 +/- 0.8 kg), and lean (non-fat) weight (-2.1 +/- 0.5 kg) (P less than 0.001 for each variable), and exercisers (n = 47) had significant loss of total body weight (-4.6 +/- 0.8 kg) and fat weight (-3.8 +/- 0.7 kg) (P less than 0.001 for both variables) but not lean weight (-0.7 +/- 0.4 kg). Fat-weight loss did not differ significantly between dieters and exercisers. All subjects were discouraged from altering their diet composition; however, dieters and exercisers had slight reductions in the percentage of kilojoules derived from fat. As compared with the control group, both weight-loss groups had significant increases (P less than 0.01) in plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (diet vs. exercise, 0.13 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.03 mmol per liter), HDL2 cholesterol (0.07 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.02 mmol per liter), and HDL3 cholesterol (0.07 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.02 mmol per liter) and significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in triglyceride levels (diet vs. exercise, -0.35 +/- 0.14 vs. -0.24 +/- 0.12 mmol per liter). Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly changed, relative to values in controls. None of these changes were significantly different between dieters and exercisers. Thus, we conclude that fat loss through dieting or exercising produces comparable and favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations.
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            The Oxford Vegetarian Study: an overview.

            The Oxford Vegetarian Study is a prospective study of 6000 vegetarians and 5000 nonvegetarian control subjects recruited in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1984. Cross-sectional analyses of study data showed that vegans had lower total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did meat eaters; vegetarians and fish eaters had intermediate and similar values. Meat and cheese consumption were positively associated, and dietary fiber intake was inversely associated, with total-cholesterol concentration in both men and women. After 12 y of follow-up, all-cause mortality in the whole cohort was roughly half that in the population of England and Wales (standardized mortality ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.42, 0.51). After adjusting for smoking, body mass index, and social class, death rates were lower in non-meat-eaters than in meat eaters for each of the mortality endpoints studied [relative risks and 95% CIs: 0.80 (0. 65, 0.99) for all causes of death, 0.72 (0.47, 1.10) for ischemic heart disease, and 0.61 (0.44, 0.84) for all malignant neoplasms]. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was also positively associated with estimated intakes of total animal fat, saturated animal fat, and dietary cholesterol. Other analyses showed that non-meat-eaters had only half the risk of meat eaters of requiring an emergency appendectomy, and that vegans in Britain may be at risk for iodine deficiency. Thus, the health of vegetarians in this study is generally good and compares favorably with that of the nonvegetarian control subjects. Larger studies are needed to examine rates of specific cancers and other diseases among vegetarians.
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              Neighbourhood differences in diet: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

              To investigate whether neighbourhood characteristics are related to dietary patterns independently of individual level variables. A cross sectional analysis of the relation between neighbourhood median household income and food and nutrient intakes, before and after adjustment for individual level variables. Four United States communities (Washington Co, MD; Suburban Minneapolis, MN; Forsyth Co, NC, and Jackson, MS). 13,095 adults aged 45 to 64 years participating in the baseline examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective study of atherosclerosis. Information on diet and individual level income was obtained from the baseline examination of the ARIC Study. Diet was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Information on neighbourhood (census defined block groups) median household income was obtained from the 1990 US Census. Multilevel models were used to account for the multilevel structure of the data. Living in lower income neighbourhoods was generally associated with decreased energy adjusted intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, and increased intake of meat. Patterns generally persisted after adjustment for individual level income, but were often not statistically significant. Inconsistent associations were recorded for the intake of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and cholesterol. Overall, individual level income was a more consistent predictor of diet than neighbourhood income. Despite limitations in the definition and characterisation of neighbourhoods, this study found consistent (albeit small) differences across neighbourhoods in food intake, suggesting that more in depth research into potential neighbourhood level determinants of diet is warranted.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ibi
                Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas
                Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3011
                December 2002
                : 21
                : 4
                : 221-227
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras. Cuba
                Article
                S0864-03002002000400001
                82b980d0-8201-42f1-8213-a51f7c954e4d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0864-0300&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                OBESITY,HYPERLIPIDEMIA,LIPOPROTEINS,WEIGHT LOSS,DIET, REDUCING,OBESIDAD,HIPERLIPIDEMIA,LIPOPROTEINAS,PERDIDA DE PESO,DIETA REDUCTORA

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