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      Is Open Access

      Endoscope Reprocessing: Update on Controversial Issues

      review-article
      ,
      Clinical Endoscopy
      The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
      Reprocessing, Endoscopy, Disinfection

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          Abstract

          Several issues concerning endoscope reprocessing remain unresolved based on currently available data. Thus, further studies are required to confirm standard practices including safe endoscope shelf life, proper frequency of replacement of some accessories including water bottles and connecting tubes, and microbiological surveillance testing of endoscopes after reprocessing. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of newer technology that allows automated cleaning and disinfection is one such controversial issue. In addition, there are no guidelines on whether delayed reprocessing and extended soaking may harm endoscope integrity or increase the bioburden on the external or internal device surfaces. In this review, we discuss the unresolved and controversial issues regarding endoscope reprocessing.

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          Most cited references36

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          Is biofilm accumulation on endoscope tubing a contributor to the failure of cleaning and decontamination?

          We predicted that biofilm would form on surfaces of endoscope tubing in contact with fluids, and may be difficult to remove by current washing procedures. Its presence may protect micro-organisms from disinfectant action and contribute to failure of decontamination prior to re-use. Tubing samples removed from 13 endoscopes that had been sent to an endoscope-servicing centre were examined for the presence of biofilm and bacteria by scanning electron microscopy. Biological deposits were present on all samples tested. Biofilm (bacteria plus exopolysaccharides matrix) was present on the suction/biopsy channels of five of 13 instruments, and was very extensive on one of these. Bacteria and microcolonies were often but not necessarily associated with surface defects on the tubing. All 12 air/water channels examined showed biofilm, and this was extensive on nine samples. Routine cleaning procedures do not remove biofilm reliably from endoscope channels, and this may explain the unexpected failure of decontamination encountered in practice despite good adherence to infection control guidelines.
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            A quarantine process for the resolution of duodenoscope-associated transmission of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.

            Because of their complex design, duodenoscopes have been long recognized to be difficult to fully disinfect and may play a role in transmission of bacteria between patients. Recent reports of duodenoscope-associated carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae transmission have confirmed these suspicions. An outbreak of a multidrug resistant strain of Escherichia coli was recently reported at our institution. Herein we report the results of our investigation and the process improvements that we deployed in an effort to contain the outbreak.
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              Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes: 2011.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clin Endosc
                Clin Endosc
                CE
                Clinical Endoscopy
                The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
                2234-2400
                2234-2443
                September 2015
                30 September 2015
                : 48
                : 5
                : 356-360
                Affiliations
                Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Young-Seok Cho. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-6021, Fax: +82-2-2258-2038, yscho@ 123456catholic.ac.kr
                Article
                10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.356
                4604270
                82bd59b5-bd7b-4bd1-84f8-10058950683a
                Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 12 August 2015
                : 09 September 2015
                : 09 September 2015
                Categories
                Focused Review Series: Endoscopic Disinfection in the Era of MERS

                Radiology & Imaging
                reprocessing,endoscopy,disinfection
                Radiology & Imaging
                reprocessing, endoscopy, disinfection

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