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      Caracterización de Grupos de Compatibilidad Vegetativa de Fusarium mexicanum Causante de la Malformación del Mango en Jalisco, México Translated title: Vegetative Compatibility Groups Characterization of Fusarium mexicanum Causing Mango Malformation in Jalisco, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Aislados de Fusarium mexicanum obtenidos de árboles de mango con la enfermedad malformación en Jalisco, fueron caracterizados de acuerdo a grupos de compatibilidad vegetativa (GCVs). F. mexicanum ha sido detectado causando malformación del mango en varias regiones de México. Los aislados fueron cultivados en medio mínimo suplementado con clorato de potasio (KClO3), NO3- y L-asparagina, para generar mutantes (nit). Los mutantes son detectados como sectores de micelio resistente al clorato, incapaces de utilizar nitrato como fuente de nitrógeno debido a mutaciones en loci asociados con la ruta metabólica del nitrato. Aislados de F. mexicanum generaron 239 sectores de micelio resistentes al clorato, siendo 62.3 % mutantes nit. La caracterización fenotípica detectó 36.91 % de mutantes nit1, 28.18 % de mutantes nit3, 19.46 % de mutantes NitM y 14.76 % de mutantes nnu. Pruebas de compatibilidad detectaron dos GCVs. Los aislados en un GCV de Jalisco fueron compatibles con aislados de un GCV previamente identificado de F. mexicanum de Michoacán. Un total de tres GCVs fueron detectados en la región Pacífico centro de México.

          Translated abstract

          Fusarium mexicanum has been described as the causal agent of mango malformation in several producing areas in Mexico. Isolates of F. mexicanum obtained from mango trees with malformation disease in Jalisco were characterized according to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Isolates were cultured on minimal medium supplemented with potassium chlorate (KClO3), NO3-, and L-asparagine, to generate spontaneous nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. Mutants are detected as mycelia sectors chlorate-resistant, which are not able to utilize nitrate as a nitrogen source due to mutations at loci associated with the nitrate-assimilation pathway. F. mexicanum isolates generated 239 chlorate-resistant sectors of mycelia, out of 62.3 % were nit mutants. Phenotypic characterization detected 36.91 % mutants nit1, 28.18 % mutants nit3, 19.46 % mutants NitM and 14.76 % mutants nnu. Compatibility pairing tests amongst the mutants detected two VCGs in isolates of F. mexicanum from Jalisco. Isolates in one VCG from Jalisco were compatible with isolates of a previously identified VCG of F. mexicanum from Michoacan. A total of three VCGs were detected in the central Pacific region of Mexico.

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          Most cited references74

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          Nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans.

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            Nitrate reduction mutants of fusarium moniliforme (gibberella fujikuroi).

            Twelve strains of Fusarium moniliforme were examined for their ability to sector spontaneously on toxic chlorate medium. All strains sectored frequently; 91% of over 1200 colonies examined formed chlorate-resistant, mutant sectors. Most of these mutants had lesions in the nitrate reduction pathway and were unable to utilize nitrate (nit mutants). nit mutations occurred in seven loci: a structural gene for nitrate reductase (nit1), a regulatory gene specific for the nitrate reduction pathway (nit3), and five genes controlling the production of a molybdenum-containing cofactor that is necessary for nitrate reductase activity (nit2, nit4, nit5, nit6, nit7). No mutations affecting nitrite reductase or a major nitrogen regulatory locus were found among over 1000 nit mutants. Mutations of nit1 were recovered most frequently (39-66%, depending on the strain) followed by nit3 mutations (23-42%). The frequency of isolation of each mutant type could be altered, however, by changing the source of nitrogen in the chlorate medium. We concluded that genetic control of nitrate reduction in F. moniliforme is similar to that in Aspergillus and Neurospora, but that the overall regulation of nitrogen metabolism may be different.
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              Genetic regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the fungi.

              In the fungi, nitrogen metabolism is controlled by a complex genetic regulatory circuit which ensures the preferential use of primary nitrogen sources and also confers the ability to use many different secondary nitrogen sources when appropriate. Most structural genes encoding nitrogen catabolic enzymes are subject to nitrogen catabolite repression, mediated by positive-acting transcription factors of the GATA family of proteins. However, certain GATA family members, such as the yeast DAL80 factor, act negatively to repress gene expression. Selective expression of the genes which encode enzymes for the metabolism of secondary nitrogen sources is often achieved by induction, mediated by pathway-specific factors, many of which have a GAL4-like C6/Zn2 DNA binding domain. Regulation within the nitrogen circuit also involves specific protein-protein interactions, as exemplified by the specific binding of the negative-acting NMR protein with the positive-acting NIT2 protein of Neurospora crassa. Nitrogen metabolic regulation appears to play a significant role in the pathogenicity of certain animal and plant fungal pathogens.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmfi
                Revista mexicana de fitopatología
                Rev. mex. fitopatol
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C. (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0185-3309
                2007-8080
                2012
                : 30
                : 2
                : 128-140
                Affiliations
                [03] Morelia Michoacán orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo México gra.labpv@ 123456gmail.com
                [01] Tarímbaro Michoacán orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales orgdiv2Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal México
                [02] Tecomán Colima orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental Tecomán México
                Article
                S0185-33092012000200003 S0185-3309(12)03000200003
                82c0bc12-f133-48cd-aa4e-3988a0a0cee6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 June 2013
                : 05 October 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                frutales,Mutantes nit,Mutants nit,enfermedades,GCV,fruit crops,anastomosis,VCG,heterocaryon,diseases,heterocarión

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