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      Call for Papers: Novel Methods in Vascular and Lymphatic Physiology

      Submit here before June 30, 2025

      About Journal of Vascular Research: 1.8 Impact Factor I 3.4 CiteScore I 0.486 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Incidence, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Myocarditis following mRNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccines: A Brief Report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent surveillance studies following nationwide mass vaccination are investigating rare complications such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and thromboembolic events related to mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccines.

          Summary

          In the current report, we present an overview of the incidence, clinical presentation and management of post-mRNA vaccine myocarditis, and pericarditis in view of the currently available data. Our main focus is directed toward myocarditis.

          Key Messages

          Myocarditis following mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccines is rare, more frequently affects younger men <30 years and is usually of mild severity with spontaneous recovery. The overall benefit of mRNA vaccines in terms of protecting from severe Covid-19 infection and associated cardiovascular complications outweighs the risk of postvaccination myocarditis. Currently, there are no dedicated guidelines for patients with postvaccination myocarditis or pericarditis in terms of the frequency of follow-up including clinical assessment, repeated echocardiography, and cardiac resonance imaging. However, follow-up studies in terms of long-term consequences are underway.

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          Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel

          Yinon Bar-On, Yair Goldberg, Micha Mandel … (2021)
          Background On July 30, 2021, the administration of a third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) was approved in Israel for persons who were 60 years of age or older and who had received a second dose of vaccine at least 5 months earlier. Data are needed regarding the effect of the booster dose on the rate of confirmed coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid-19) and the rate of severe illness. Methods We extracted data for the period from July 30 through August 31, 2021, from the Israeli Ministry of Health database regarding 1,137,804 persons who were 60 years of age or older and had been fully vaccinated (i.e., had received two doses of BNT162b2) at least 5 months earlier. In the primary analysis, we compared the rate of confirmed Covid-19 and the rate of severe illness between those who had received a booster injection at least 12 days earlier (booster group) and those who had not received a booster injection (nonbooster group). In a secondary analysis, we evaluated the rate of infection 4 to 6 days after the booster dose as compared with the rate at least 12 days after the booster. In all the analyses, we used Poisson regression after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results At least 12 days after the booster dose, the rate of confirmed infection was lower in the booster group than in the nonbooster group by a factor of 11.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4 to 12.3); the rate of severe illness was lower by a factor of 19.5 (95% CI, 12.9 to 29.5). In a secondary analysis, the rate of confirmed infection at least 12 days after vaccination was lower than the rate after 4 to 6 days by a factor of 5.4 (95% CI, 4.8 to 6.1). Conclusions In this study involving participants who were 60 years of age or older and had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 5 months earlier, we found that the rates of confirmed Covid-19 and severe illness were substantially lower among those who received a booster (third) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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            Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

            Noam Barda, Noa Dagan, Yatir Ben-Shlomo … (2021)
            Background Preapproval trials showed that messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had a good safety profile, yet these trials were subject to size and patient-mix limitations. An evaluation of the safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with respect to a broad range of potential adverse events is needed. Methods We used data from the largest health care organization in Israel to evaluate the safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. For each potential adverse event, in a population of persons with no previous diagnosis of that event, we individually matched vaccinated persons to unvaccinated persons according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Risk ratios and risk differences at 42 days after vaccination were derived with the use of the Kaplan–Meier estimator. To place these results in context, we performed a similar analysis involving SARS-CoV-2–infected persons matched to uninfected persons. The same adverse events were studied in the vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection analyses. Results In the vaccination analysis, the vaccinated and control groups each included a mean of 884,828 persons. Vaccination was most strongly associated with an elevated risk of myocarditis (risk ratio, 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 12.44; risk difference, 2.7 events per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.6), lymphadenopathy (risk ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 2.05 to 2.78; risk difference, 78.4 events per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 64.1 to 89.3), appendicitis (risk ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.01; risk difference, 5.0 events per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 0.3 to 9.9), and herpes zoster infection (risk ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.73; risk difference, 15.8 events per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 8.2 to 24.2). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a substantially increased risk of myocarditis (risk ratio, 18.28; 95% CI, 3.95 to 25.12; risk difference, 11.0 events per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 5.6 to 15.8) and of additional serious adverse events, including pericarditis, arrhythmia, deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions In this study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting, the BNT162b2 vaccine was not associated with an elevated risk of most of the adverse events examined. The vaccine was associated with an excess risk of myocarditis (1 to 5 events per 100,000 persons). The risk of this potentially serious adverse event and of many other serious adverse events was substantially increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Funded by the Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute.)
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              Myocarditis With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

              Biykem Bozkurt, Ishan Kamat, Peter Hotez (2021)
              Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cardiology
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD
                Title: Cardiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com )
                ISSN (Print): 0008-6312
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 February 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 February 2022
                Pages: 1-7
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
                [2] bCardiothoracic Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
                [3] cSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
                [4] dDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: crd-0001
                DOI: 10.1159/000522216
                PMC ID: 9059023
                PubMed ID: 35104821
                SO-VID: 82e65c04-8e9b-4428-abd3-7b5ebc926b47
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

                History
                Date received : 18 October 2021
                Date accepted : 19 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, References: 22, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Cardiovascular Imaging: Review Article

                Keywords: covid-19,mrna vaccine,myocarditis,pericarditis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, mrna vaccine, myocarditis, pericarditis

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