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      Headache and comorbidity in children and adolescents

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Headache is one of the most common neurological symptom reported in childhood and adolescence, leading to high levels of school absences and being associated with several comorbid conditions, particularly in neurological, psychiatric and cardiovascular systems. Neurological and psychiatric disorders, that are associated with migraine, are mainly depression, anxiety disorders, epilepsy and sleep disorders, ADHD and Tourette syndrome. It also has been shown an association with atopic disease and cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO).

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          The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide.

          LJ Stovner, K. Hagen, R. Jensen … (2007)
          This study, which is a part of the initiative 'Lifting The Burden: The Global Campaign to Reduce the Burden of Headache Worldwide', assesses and presents all existing evidence of the world prevalence and burden of headache disorders. Population-based studies applying International Headache Society criteria for migraine and tension-type headache, and also studies on headache in general and 'chronic daily headache', have been included. Globally, the percentages of the adult population with an active headache disorder are 46% for headache in general, 11% for migraine, 42% for tension-type headache and 3% for chronic daily headache. Our calculations indicate that the disability attributable to tension-type headache is larger worldwide than that due to migraine. On the World Health Organization's ranking of causes of disability, this would bring headache disorders into the 10 most disabling conditions for the two genders, and into the five most disabling for women.
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            Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

            Joseph Biederman, Stephen V Faraone (2005)
            Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that affects 8-12% of children worldwide. Although the rate of ADHD falls with age, at least half of children with the disorder will have impairing symptoms in adulthood. Twin, adoption, and molecular genetic studies show ADHD to be highly heritable, and other findings have recorded obstetric complications and psychosocial adversity as predisposing risk factors. Converging evidence from animal and human studies implicates the dysregulation of frontal-subcortical-cerebellar catecholaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and molecular imaging studies suggest that abnormalities of the dopamine transporter lead to impaired neurotransmission. Studies during the past decade have shown the safety and effectiveness of new non-stimulant drugs and long-acting formulations of methylphenidate and amfetamine. Other investigations have also clarified the appropriate role of targeted psychosocial treatments in the context of ongoing pharmacotherapy.
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              The Worldwide Prevalence of ADHD: A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis

              Guilherme Polanczyk (2007)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Headache Pain
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Headache Pain
                Title: The Journal of Headache and Pain
                Publisher: Springer
                ISSN (Print): 1129-2369
                ISSN (Electronic): 1129-2377
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 September 2013
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Page: 79
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Sabelli 108, Rome, Italy
                [2 ]Riberao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil
                [3 ]University “Campus Biomedico”, Rome, Italy
                [4 ]II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
                [5 ]Padua University, Padua, Italy
                [6 ]San Gerardo Hospital University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
                [7 ]Mondino Institute, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
                [8 ]Insubria University, Varese, Italy
                [9 ]L’Aquila University, L’Aquila, Italy
                [10 ]Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1129-2377-14-79
                DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-79
                PMC ID: 3849985
                PubMed ID: 24063537
                SO-VID: 82f134c1-e66c-442b-bfa7-c4ae298113b0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2013 Bellini et al.; licensee Springer.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 5 August 2013
                Date accepted : 17 September 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Keywords: children,comorbidity,headache,adolescents
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Keywords: children, comorbidity, headache, adolescents

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