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      MasAgro o MIAF ¿Cuál es la opción para modernizar sustentablemente la agricultura tradicional de México? Translated title: MasAgro or MIAF, Which one is the best option to sustainably modernize traditional agriculture in Mexico?

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las estadísticas agropecuarias oficiales de los últimos 35 años (SIAP, 2017) sugieren que el avance en el objetivo de MasAgro de incrementar la producción de maíz de temporal y su rendimiento a escala nacional es inapreciable. Los autores de este ensayo calificamos como poco probable que ese objetivo sea alcanzado en los cinco años que restan del programa. Se discute en este ensayo al sistema tecnológico milpa intercalada en árboles frutales (MIAF), como alternativa a MasAgro, para hacer más productiva y sustentable la agricultura tradicional en pequeño de México. El MIAF ha sido desarrollado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias y el Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas en más de 30 años de colaboración. Su diseño persigue la intensificación del paradigma de la agricultura tradicional (PAT) en pequeño. Retiene ventajas clave de la milpa histórica como a) resiliencia apoyada en la biodiversidad; y b) eficiencia relativa de la tierra superior a la unidad. También aprovecha la tecnología de la terraza de muro vivo formada con árboles frutales, para la protección del suelo contra la erosión y para acrecentar el ingreso y empleo familiares. Se concluye que MIAF es la tecnología indicada para modernizar la agricultura tradicional en pequeño de México.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Official agricultural statistics for the last 35 years (SIAP, 2017) suggest that the advance in MasAgro’s objective of increasing rainfed maize production at national level and its yield is negligible. The authors of this paper call it unlikely that this goal will be achieved in the remaining five years of the program In this paper, the milpa intercalated with fruit trees technological system (MIAF) is discussed, as an alternative to MasAgro, in order to make traditional small-scale agriculture in México more productive and sustainable. The MIAF has been developed by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias and the Colegio de Postgraduados in Agricultural Sciences for more than 30 years of collaboration. Its design pursues the intensification of the paradigm of traditional agriculture (PAT) in small scale. It retains key advantages of the historic milpa as a) resilience supported by biodiversity; and b) relative land efficiency greater than the unity. It also takes advantage of the living wall terrace technology formed with fruit trees, to protect the soil against erosion and to increase family income and employment. It is concluded that MIAF is the technology indicated to modernize traditional small-scale agriculture in México.

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          Most cited references18

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          A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping.

          There exists extraordinary morphological and genetic diversity among the maize landraces that have been developed by pre-Columbian cultivators. To explain this high level of diversity in maize, several authors have proposed that maize landraces were the products of multiple independent domestications from their wild relative (teosinte). We present phylogenetic analyses based on 264 individual plants, each genotyped at 99 microsatellites, that challenge the multiple-origins hypothesis. Instead, our results indicate that all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. Our analyses also indicate that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands with maize spreading from this region over the Americas along two major paths. Our phylogenetic work is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands. We also found only modest evidence for postdomestication gene flow from teosinte into maize.
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            Climate volatility deepens poverty vulnerability in developing countries

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              Maize and man in the greater southwest

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                August 2017
                : 8
                : 5
                : 1169-1185
                Affiliations
                [1] Texcoco orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental Valle de México Mexico espinosa.alejandro@ 123456inifap.gob.mx
                [2] Texcoco Estado México orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Centro de Edafología Mexico jicortes@ 123456colpos.mx
                Article
                S2007-09342017000501169
                10.29312/remexca.v8i5.116
                831a0832-31fd-4ee5-9fdc-91d8bfbb824a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : April 2017
                : June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                protección de la agrobiodiversidad,MIAF,paradigm of traditional agriculture,paradigm of conservation agriculture,protection of agricultural biodiversity,paradigma de la agricultura tradicional,paradigma de la agricultura de conservación

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