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      BARREIRAS AO ESTABELECIMENTO DA REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL EM ÁREAS DE PASTAGENS ABANDONADAS Translated title: BARRIERS TO ESTABLISHMENT OF NATURAL REGENERATION IN ABANDONED PASTURES

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A pressão exercida sobre as florestas tropicais devido à fragmentação de paisagens naturais tem causado alterações no padrão de substituição das espécies presentes na comunidade vegetal. No caso de pastagens abandonadas, verifica-se uma maior vulnerabilidade do ambiente à colonização por gramíneas exóticas invasoras, as quais representam uma barreira ao estabelecimento de plantas nativas, desde a dispersão e germinação das sementes, até estádios mais avançados do seu desenvolvimento. Em vista disso, propôs-se discorrer sobre alguns dos processos da regeneração natural em áreas de pastagens, abordando aspectos que impedem o recrutamento de espécies lenhosas desejáveis e, nesse contexto, a exposição de algumas metodologias embasadas no conceito de nucleação que podem auxiliar nesse processo. Por meio da compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na manutenção das comunidades vegetais, verifica-se que a germinação de sementes e o recrutamento de plântulas são passos cruciais do processo de restabelecimento da vegetação. Como apenas uma estreita faixa de condições é adequada (safe sites) ao recrutamento, o sucesso da regeneração está relacionado à capacidade do ambiente em proporcionar um leito adequado para germinação de sementes (seedbed). A utilização de metodologias que visem à regeneração natural, para serem eficazes em áreas de pastagens, devem ser bem estabelecidas tecnicamente e adequadas à realidade local, pois, embora apresentem resultados iniciais promissores, podem deixar de ser efetivas com o passar do tempo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The pressure on rainforests due to fragmentation of natural landscapes has caused changes in the substitution pattern of the species present in the plant community. In the case of abandoned pastures, there is an increased environmental vulnerability to colonization by invasive exotic grasses, which represent a barrier to the establishment of native plants, since the dispersion and seed germination until the later stages of their development. We proposed to discuss some of the processes of natural regeneration in pastures, addressing issues that hinder the recruitment of desirable woody species and, in this context, the exposure of some methodologies based on the concept of nucleation that can help this process. Through understanding of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of plant communities, we observed that the seed germination and seedling recruitments are crucial steps in the process of vegetation restoration. Because only a narrow range of conditions is suitable (safe sites) for the recruitment, successful regeneration depends on the environment ability to provide an appropriate bed for germination (seedbed). The use of methodologies that aimed the natural regeneration, to be effective in pasture areas, should be technically well established and adequate to the local reality, because although they have promising initial results, may no longer be effective over time.

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          Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest.

          Negative density-dependent recruitment of seedlings, that is, seeds of a given species are less likely to become established seedlings if the density of that species is high, has been proposed to be an important mechanism contributing to the extraordinary diversity of tropical tree communities because it can potentially prevent any particular species from usurping all available space, either in close proximity to seed sources or at relatively larger spatial scales. However, density-dependent recruitment does not necessarily enhance community diversity. Furthermore, although density-dependent effects have been found at some life stages in some species, no study has shown that density-dependent recruitment affects community diversity. Here we report the results of observations in a lowland, moist forest in the Republic of Panamá in which the species identities of 386,027 seeds that arrived at 200 seed traps were compared with the species identities of 13,068 seedlings that recruited into adjacent plots over a 4-year period. Across the 200 sites, recruit seedling diversity was significantly higher than seed diversity. Part of this difference was explained by interspecies differences in average recruitment success. Even after accounting for these differences, however, negative density-dependent recruitment contributes significantly to the increase in diversity from seeds to seedling recruits.
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            Seasonal Variation in the Seed Banks of Herbaceous Species in Ten Contrasting Habitats

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              Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cflo
                Ciência Florestal
                Ciênc. Florest.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                0103-9954
                1980-5098
                December 2017
                : 27
                : 4
                : 1451-1464
                Affiliations
                [3] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo orgdiv2Setor de Ciências Agrárias Brazil koehler@ 123456ufpr.br
                [4] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Botânica orgdiv2Setor de Ciências Biológicas Brazil kazu@ 123456ufpr.br
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Setor de Ciências Agrárias orgdiv2Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo Brazil meri_ol@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [2] Colombo Paraná orgnameEmbrapa Florestas orgdiv1Setor de Ecologia Brazil antonio.carpanezzi@ 123456embrapa.br
                Article
                S1980-50982017000401451
                10.5902/1980509830331
                832da2ec-729a-4df1-977f-5afe67aa6977

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 April 2016
                : 30 September 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 102, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                safe sites,nucleation,sítio seguro,nucleação,gramíneas inibidoras,seedbed,inhibitory grasses,cama de sementes

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