4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Long Noncoding RNAs, New Critical Regulators in Cancer Immunity

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various aspects of cellular functions. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNAs are critical players in the immune system by modulating immune cell differentiation and functions, particularly in cancer immunity. Here we systematically summarize how lncRNAs are involved in different processes of the cancer immunity cycle, including immune cell differentiation, proliferation, trafficking, and infiltration. Moreover, the limitations of the current understanding of lncRNA’s functions in cancer immunity are described, such as the complexity of the cancer immunity system, the inclusive functions of lncRNAs in this system, and the associated immune response. In sum, the comprehensive investigation of the roles of lncRNAs in cancer immunity aids in cancer diagnosis and therapies.

          Related collections

          Most cited references66

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle.

          The genetic and cellular alterations that define cancer provide the immune system with the means to generate T cell responses that recognize and eradicate cancer cells. However, elimination of cancer by T cells is only one step in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle, which manages the delicate balance between the recognition of nonself and the prevention of autoimmunity. Identification of cancer cell T cell inhibitory signals, including PD-L1, has prompted the development of a new class of cancer immunotherapy that specifically hinders immune effector inhibition, reinvigorating and potentially expanding preexisting anticancer immune responses. The presence of suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment may explain the limited activity observed with previous immune-based therapies and why these therapies may be more effective in combination with agents that target other steps of the cycle. Emerging clinical data suggest that cancer immunotherapy is likely to become a key part of the clinical management of cancer. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            IDO in the Tumor Microenvironment: Inflammation, Counter-Regulation, and Tolerance.

            Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired tolerance in T cells. Recent findings reveal that IDO can be triggered by innate responses during tumorigenesis, and also by attempted T cell activation, either spontaneous or due to immunotherapy. Here we review the current understanding of mechanisms by which IDO participates in the control of inflammation and in peripheral tolerance. Focusing on the tumor microenvironment, we examine the role of IDO in response to apoptotic cells and the impact of IDO on Treg cell function. We discuss how the counter-regulatory and tolerogenic functions of IDO can be targeted for cancer immunotherapy and present an overview of the current clinical progress in this area.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A long noncoding RNA mediates both activation and repression of immune response genes.

              An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is central to antimicrobial defenses. This response is controlled by a collaboration involving signal-dependent activation of transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, and chromatin-modifying factors. We have identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that acts as a key regulator of this inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors induce the expression of numerous lncRNAs. One of these, lincRNA-Cox2, mediates both the activation and repression of distinct classes of immune genes. Transcriptional repression of target genes is dependent on interactions of lincRNA-Cox2 with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and A2/B1. Collectively, these studies unveil a central role of lincRNA-Cox2 as a broad-acting regulatory component of the circuit that controls the inflammatory response.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Oncol
                Front Oncol
                Front. Oncol.
                Frontiers in Oncology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2234-943X
                30 October 2020
                2020
                : 10
                : 550987
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
                [2] 2 MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
                [3] 3 Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Durham, NC, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Zhi Sheng, Virginia Tech, United States

                Reviewed by: Kevin James Pridham, Virginia Tech Carilion, United States; Robin T. Varghese, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States

                *Correspondence: Aifu Lin, linaifu@ 123456zju.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                10.3389/fonc.2020.550987
                7662117
                33194608
                834f30c5-195b-42da-945b-798647c2f9d3
                Copyright © 2020 Wu, Fu, Qu, Liu and Lin

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 07 July 2020
                : 09 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 7, Words: 2708
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Award ID: 81672791, 81872300
                Categories
                Oncology
                Mini Review

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                cancer,cancer immunity,lncrna,immunotherapy,combined therapy
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                cancer, cancer immunity, lncrna, immunotherapy, combined therapy

                Comments

                Comment on this article