Concurrent measurement of cerebral hemodynamics and electroencephalography during transcranial direct current stimulation

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Abstract.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is currently being used for research and treatment of some neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as for improvement of cognitive functions. In order to better understand cerebral response to the stimulation and to redefine protocols and dosage, its effects must be monitored. To this end, we have used functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy (fDCS) and time-resolved functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-fNIRS) together with electroencephalography (EEG) during and after stimulation of the frontal cortex. Twenty subjects participated in two sessions of stimulation with two different polarity montages and twelve also underwent a sham session. Cerebral blood flow and oxyhemoglobin concentration increased during and after active stimulation in the region under the stimulation electrode while deoxyhemoglobin concentration decreased. The EEG spectrum displayed statistically significant power changes across different stimulation sessions in delta (2 to 4 Hz), theta (4 to 8 Hz), and beta (12 to 18 Hz) bands. Results suggest that fDCS and TR-fNIRS can be employed as neuromonitors of the effects of transcranial electrical stimulation and can be used together with EEG.

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Most cited references 65

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Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation.

M A Nitsche, W Paulus (2000)

In this paper we demonstrate in the intact human the possibility of a non-invasive modulation of motor cortex excitability by the application of weak direct current through the scalp. Excitability changes of up to 40 %, revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, were accomplished and lasted for several minutes after the end of current stimulation. Excitation could be achieved selectively by anodal stimulation, and inhibition by cathodal stimulation. By varying the current intensity and duration, the strength and duration of the after-effects could be controlled. The effects were probably induced by modification of membrane polarisation. Functional alterations related to post-tetanic potentiation, short-term potentiation and processes similar to postexcitatory central inhibition are the likely candidates for the excitability changes after the end of stimulation. Transcranial electrical stimulation using weak current may thus be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non-invasive, painless, reversible, selective and focal way.

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10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: their validity as relative head-surface-based positioning systems.

Valer Jurcak, Daisuke Tsuzuki, Ippeita Dan (2007)

With the advent of multi-channel EEG hardware systems and the concurrent development of topographic and tomographic signal source localization methods, the international 10/20 system, a standard system for electrode positioning with 21 electrodes, was extended to higher density electrode settings such as 10/10 and 10/5 systems, allowing more than 300 electrode positions. However, their effectiveness as relative head-surface-based positioning systems has not been examined. We previously developed a virtual 10/20 measurement algorithm that can analyze any structural MR head and brain image. Extending this method to the virtual 10/10 and 10/5 measurement algorithms, we analyzed the MR images of 17 healthy subjects. The acquired scalp positions of the 10/10 and 10/5 systems were normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) stereotactic coordinates and their spatial variability was assessed. We described and examined the effects of spatial variability due to the selection of positioning systems and landmark placement strategies. As long as a detailed rule for a particular system was provided, it yielded precise landmark positions on the scalp. Moreover, we evaluated the effective spatial resolution of 329 scalp landmark positions of the 10/5 system for multi-subject studies. As long as a detailed rule for landmark setting was provided, 241 scalp positions could be set effectively when there was no overlapping of two neighboring positions. Importantly, 10/10 positions could be well separated on a scalp without overlapping. This study presents a referential framework for establishing the effective spatial resolutions of 10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems as relative head-surface-based positioning systems.

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Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory.

Felipe Fregni, Paulo S Boggio, Michael Nitsche … (2005)

Previous studies have claimed that weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces persisting excitability changes in the human motor cortex that can be more pronounced than cortical modulation induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation, but there are no studies that have evaluated the effects of tDCS on working memory. Our aim was to determine whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, which enhances brain cortical excitability and activity, would modify performance in a sequential-letter working memory task when administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Fifteen subjects underwent a three-back working memory task based on letters. This task was performed during sham and anodal stimulation applied over the left DLPFC. Moreover seven of these subjects performed the same task, but with inverse polarity (cathodal stimulation of the left DLPFC) and anodal stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1). Our results indicate that only anodal stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex, but not cathodal stimulation of left DLPFC or anodal stimulation of M1, increases the accuracy of the task performance when compared to sham stimulation of the same area. This accuracy enhancement during active stimulation cannot be accounted for by slowed responses, as response times were not changed by stimulation. Our results indicate that left prefrontal anodal stimulation leads to an enhancement of working memory performance. Furthermore, this effect depends on the stimulation polarity and is specific to the site of stimulation. This result may be helpful to develop future interventions aiming at clinical benefits.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neurophotonics

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neurophotonics

Journal ID (coden): NEUROW

Journal ID (publisher-id): NPh

Title: Neurophotonics

Publisher: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

ISSN (Print): 2329-423X

ISSN (Electronic): 2329-4248

Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2018

Publication date (Print): January 2018

Volume: 5

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 015001

Affiliations

[a ]ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain

[b ]Starlab , Barcelona, Spain

[c ]Neuroelectrics Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain

[d ]Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona, Spain

Author notes

[* ]Address all correspondence to: Martina Giovannella, E-mail: martina.giovannella@ 123456icfo.eu

Author information

Martina Giovannella https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8374-7270

David Ibañez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-7909

Clara Gregori-Pla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-0031

Giulio Ruffini https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-0177

Article

Publisher-manuscript ID: NPh-17117R Publisher ID: 17117R

DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.5.1.015001

PMC ID: 5784784

PubMed ID: 29392156

SO-VID: 8357e18e-e460-4097-838c-8892616a4249

License:

Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

History

Date received : 27 September 2017

Date accepted : 20 December 2017

Page count

Figures: 7, Tables: 2, References: 91, Pages: 12

Funding

Funded by: Fundació CELLEX Barcelona

Funded by: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329

Award ID: PHOTODEMENTIADPI2015-64358-C2-1-R

Funded by: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004587

Award ID: MEDPHOTAGEDTS16/00087

Award ID: SEV-2015-0522

Funded by: Obra social “la Caixa” Foundation

Funded by: AGAUR-Generalitat

Award ID: 2014SGR-1555

Funded by: LASERLAB-EUROPE IV

Award ID: 654148

Funded by: BabyLux

Award ID: 620996 CIP-ICT-PSP-2013-7

Custom metadata

running-head Giovannella et al.: Concurrent measurement of cerebral hemodynamics…

Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation,diffuse correlation spectroscopy,time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy

Data availability:

Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy

Concurrent measurement of cerebral hemodynamics and electroencephalography during transcranial direct current stimulation

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