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      Prophylactic effect of coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) on ethylene glycol induced nephrocalcinosis in male wistar rat

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          Abstract

          Purpose Many medicinal plants have been employed during ages to treat urinary stones though the rationale behind their use is not well established. Thus, the present study was proposed to evaluate the effect of coconut water as a prophylactic agent in experimentally induced nephrolithiasis in a rat model. Materials and Methods The male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups. Animals of group I (control) were fed standard rat diet. In group II, the animals were administrated 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for the induction of nephrolithiasis. Group III animals were administrated coconut water in addition to ethylene glycol. All the treatments were continued for a total duration of seven weeks. Results and Conclusion Treatment with coconut water inhibited crystal deposition in renal tissue as well as reduced the number of crystals in urine. Furthermore, coconut water also protected against impaired renal function and development of oxidative stress in the kidneys. The results indicate that coconut water could be a potential candidate for phytotherapy against urolithiasis.

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          A prospective study of recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence after a first renal stone.

          We investigate further the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence in 300 consecutive patients who presented to our stone clinic after a first stone episode 7 to 17 years ago. The medical records of the patients who presented consecutively with a first stone episode from 1980 to 1990 were studied and supplemented by a followup mail questionnaire and telephone interviews. At first visit serum samples were taken from all patients and 24-hour urine samples were collected for metabolic testing. A total of 195 patients were followed successfully, of whom 52 (27%) experienced symptomatic stone recurrence after a mean plus or minus standard deviation of 7.5+/-5.9 years. However, ultrasound examination of 36 symptom-free patients showed recurrent stones in 28%. Comparison of patients with or without recurrence confirmed that recurrence was not influenced by sex, family history of stones and urinary risk factors. However, age at onset of the disease was lower for patients who had 2 or more stones during followup than those who had only 1 stone or no recurrence. Stones can recur as long as 10 years after the first episode, although the rate is lower than previously reported. The metabolic evaluation after a first stone episode needs to be reappraised in terms of its cost-effectiveness, since recurrences do not seem to be predictable from standard laboratory tests.
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            Antiurolithic effect of Bergenia ligulata rhizome: an explanation of the underlying mechanisms.

            Bergenia ligulata is widely used plant in South Asia, mainly India and Pakistan, as a traditional medicine for treatment of urolithiasis. To rationalize the Bergenia ligulata use in kidney stones and to explain the underlying mechanisms. The crude aqueous-methanolic extract of Bergenia ligulata rhizome (BLR) was studied using in vitro and in vivo methods. BLR inhibited calcium oxalate (CaC(2)O(4)) crystal aggregation as well as crystal formation in the metastable solutions and exhibited antioxidant effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical and lipid peroxidation in the in vitro. BLR caused diuresis in rats accompanied by a saluretic effect. In an animal model of urolithiasis, developed in male Wistar rats by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) in drinking water, BLR (5-10 mg/kg) prevented CaC(2)O(4) crystal deposition in the renal tubules. The lithogenic treatment caused polyuria, weight loss, impairment of renal function and oxidative stress, manifested as increased malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents, depleted reduced glutathione and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities of the kidneys, which were prevented by BLR. Unlike the untreated animals, EG intake did not cause excessive hyperoxaluria and hypocalciuria in BLR treated groups and there was a significant increase in the urinary Mg(2+), instead of a slight decrease. These data indicate the antiurolithic activity in Bergenia ligulata mediated possibly through CaC(2)O(4) crystal inhibition, diuretic, hypermagneseuric and antioxidant effects and this study rationalizes its medicinal use in urolithiasis.
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              Berberis vulgaris root bark extract prevents hyperoxaluria induced urolithiasis in rats.

              Berberis vulgaris is a widely used plant for the treatment of urolithiasis. To evaluate its antiurolithic potential, the crude aqueous-methanol extract of Berberis vulgaris root bark (Bv.Cr) was tested in an animal model of urolithiasis, developed in male Wistar rats by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water. Bv.Cr (50 mg/kg) inhibited CaOx crystal deposition in renal tubules and protected against associated changes including polyuria, weight loss, impaired renal function and the development of oxidative stress in kidneys. Activity-guided fractionation revealed the concentration of antiurolithic constituent(s) mainly in the aqueous fraction. These data, indicating the presence of antiurolithic activity in Berberis vulgaris root bark, rationalize its medicinal use for the treatment of urolithiasis. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ibju
                International braz j urol
                Int. braz j urol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1677-6119
                January 2013
                : 39
                : 1
                : 108-117
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Panjab University India
                Article
                S1677-55382013000100108
                10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2013.01.14
                83750852-8309-444a-b80c-c02645619fca

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1677-5538&lng=en
                Categories
                UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

                Urology
                Calcium Oxalate,Cocos,Antioxidants,Phytotherapy,Urolithiasis
                Urology
                Calcium Oxalate, Cocos, Antioxidants, Phytotherapy, Urolithiasis

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