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      Adolescents' Physical Aggression Toward Parents in a Clinic-Referred Sample

      , ,
      Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
      Informa UK Limited

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          Most cited references23

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          The operated Markov´s chains in economy (discrete chains of Markov with the income)

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            Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.

            V C McLoyd (1998)
            Recent research consistently reports that persistent poverty has more detrimental effects on IQ, school achievement, and socioemotional functioning than transitory poverty, with children experiencing both types of poverty generally doing less well than never-poor children. Higher rates of perinatal complications, reduced access to resources that buffer the negative effects of perinatal complications, increased exposure to lead, and less home-based cognitive stimulation partly account for diminished cognitive functioning in poor children. These factors, along with lower teacher expectancies and poorer academic-readiness skills, also appear to contribute to lower levels of school achievement among poor children. The link between socioeconomic disadvantage and children's socioemotional functioning appears to be mediated partly by harsh, inconsistent parenting and elevated exposure to acute and chronic stressors. The implications of research findings for practice and policy are considered.
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              The effects of family and community violence on children.

              This review examines theoretical and empirical literature on children's reactions to three types of violence--child maltreatment, community violence, and interparental violence. In addition to describing internalizing and externalizing problems associated with exposure to violence, this review identifies ways that violence can disrupt typical developmental trajectories through psychobiological effects, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cognitive consequences, and peer problems. Methodological challenges in this literature include high rates of co-occurrence among types of violence exposure, co-occurrence of violence with other serious life adversities, heterogeneity in the frequency, severity, age of onset, and chronicity of exposure, and difficulties in making causal inferences. A developmental psychopathology perspective focuses attention on how violence may have different effects at different ages and may compromise children's abilities to face normal developmental challenges. Emphasis is placed on the variability of children's reactions to violence, on outcomes that go beyond diagnosable disorders, and on variables that mediate and moderate children's reactions to violence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
                Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
                Informa UK Limited
                1537-4416
                1537-4424
                January 13 2009
                January 13 2009
                : 38
                : 1
                : 106-116
                Article
                10.1080/15374410802575396
                19130361
                83a3c6c1-171f-44f0-8910-2e1c3fc3e03c
                © 2009
                History

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