34
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Bioadhesive Controlled Metronidazole Release Matrix Based on Chitosan and Xanthan Gum

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Metronidazole, a common antibacterial drug, was incorporated into a hydrophilic polymer matrix composed of chitosan xanthan gum mixture. Hydrogel formation of this binary chitosan-xanthan gum combination was tested for its ability to control the release of metronidazole as a drug model. This preparation (MZ-CR) was characterized by in vitro, ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo bioavailability study. For comparison purposes a commercial extended release formulation of metronidazole (CMZ) was used as a reference. The in vitro drug-release profiles of metronidazole preparation and CMZ were similar in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Moreover, metronidazole preparation and CMZ showed a similar detachment force to sheep stomach mucosa, while the bioadhesion of the metronidazole preparation was higher three times than CMZ to sheep duodenum. The results of in vivo study indicated that the absorption of metronidazole from the preparation was faster than that of CMZ. Also, MZ-CR leads to higher metronidazole C max and AUC relative to that of the CMZ. This increase in bioavailability might be explained by the bioadhesion of the preparation at the upper part of the small intestine that could result in an increase in the overall intestinal transit time. As a conclusion, formulating chitosan-xanthan gum mixture as a hydrophilic polymer matrix resulted in a superior pharmacokinetic parameters translated by better rate and extent of absorption of metronidazole.

          Related collections

          Most cited references16

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

          The objective of this article is to review the spectrum of mathematical models that have been developed to describe drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based pharmaceutical devices. The major advantages of these models are: (i) the elucidation of the underlying mass transport mechanisms; and (ii) the possibility to predict the effect of the device design parameters (e.g., shape, size and composition of HPMC-based matrix tablets) on the resulting drug release rate, thus facilitating the development of new pharmaceutical products. Simple empirical or semi-empirical models such as the classical Higuchi equation and the so-called power law, as well as more complex mechanistic theories that consider diffusion, swelling and dissolution processes simultaneously are presented, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Various examples of practical applications to experimental drug release data are given. The choice of the appropriate mathematical model when developing new pharmaceutical products or elucidating drug release mechanisms strongly depends on the desired or required predictive ability and accuracy of the model. In many cases, the use of a simple empirical or semi-empirical model is fully sufficient. However, when reliable, detailed information are required, more complex, mechanistic theories must be applied. The present article is a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of mathematical modeling drug release from HPMC-based delivery systems and discusses the crucial points of the most important theories.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Chitosan: a unique polysaccharide for drug delivery.

            The aim of this review is to give an insight into the many potential applications of chitosan as a pharmaceutical drug carrier. The first part of this review concerns the principal uses of chitosan as an excipient in oral formulations (particularly as a direct tableting agent) and as a vehicle for parenteral drug delivery devices. The use of chitosan to manufacture sustained-release systems deliverable by other routes (nasal, ophthalmic, transdermal, and implantable devices) is discussed in the second part.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Evidence to support the rationale that bacterial eradication in respiratory tract infection is an important aim of antimicrobial therapy.

              Clinical outcome is dependent upon antibiotic-mediated bacterial eradication in a number of infections. However, in respiratory tract infections, the need for bacterial eradication has been controversial. Clinical data are now available that support the need for active bacterial eradication in otitis media. This may also be the case for other respiratory tract infections. An increase in antimicrobial resistance reduces the probability of achieving eradication. Conversely, failure to eradicate bacteria may promote the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant clones. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters can be used to predict the bacteriological efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. In conclusion, the aim of antimicrobial therapy in respiratory tract infections should be the eradication of the infecting organism.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mar Drugs
                MD
                Marine Drugs
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International
                1660-3397
                2010
                25 May 2010
                : 8
                : 5
                : 1716-1730
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Suwagh Company for Drug Delivery Systems, A Subsidiary of the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Naor, Jordan; E-Mails: alaachemistry@ 123456yahoo.com (A.F.E.); crl@ 123456jpm.com.jo (N.Q.); irashid@ 123456jpm.com.jo (I.S.R.); mayyas_nj@ 123456yahoo.com (M.M.A.R.)
                [2 ] Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
                [3 ] The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company, Naor, Jordan; E-Mail: shabinda@ 123456hotmail.com (M.R.A.S.)
                [4 ] Jordan Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Amman, Jordan; E-Mail: aassad@ 123456e-dmn.com (T.A.A.)
                Author notes
                * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: suwagh@ 123456jpm.com.jo ; Tel.: +96265727207; Fax: +96265727641.
                Article
                marinedrugs-08-01716
                10.3390/md8051716
                2885086
                20559494
                83d5bcbc-0169-41b6-a4bc-4d684c0cd4f7
                © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 9 March 2010
                : 23 March 2010
                : 6 April 2010
                Categories
                Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                chitosan,bioavailability,bioadhesion,xanthan gum,metronidazole

                Comments

                Comment on this article