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      Chemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Potential of Bioactive Extract from Tomato Pomace (Byproduct of Tomato Paste)

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          Abstract

          We examined the ability of tomato pomace extract (by-product) to affect platelet aggregation in healthy humans (clinical pilot study). In phase 1 the tolerance of participants ( n = 15; 5 per dose level) ingesting tomato pomace extract across three dose levels (1, 2.5, and 10 g) was evaluated. Phase 2 was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design human (male, n = 99; 33 per group) pilot intervention trial investigating the acute and repeated dose effects (5 days) of different doses of tomato pomace extract (1 g, 2.5 g or placebo) on platelet aggregation ex vivo. Various flavonoids (coumaric acid, floridzin, floretin, procyanidin B 2, luteolin-7- O-glucoside, kaempferol, and quercitin) and nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine) were identified in the tomato pomace extract. The clinical study showed that the daily consumption of 1 g of aqueous extract of tomato pomace for 5 days exerted an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation.

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          THE AGGREGATION OF BLOOD PLATELETS.

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            Phenolic compounds in fruits - an overview

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              Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.

              This guideline focuses on long-term administration of antithrombotic drugs designed for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, including two new antiplatelet therapies. The methods of this guideline follow those described in Methodology for the Development of Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis Guidelines: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines in this supplement. We present 23 recommendations for pertinent clinical questions. For primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, we suggest low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg/d) in patients aged > 50 years over no aspirin therapy (Grade 2B). For patients with established coronary artery disease, defined as patients 1-year post-acute coronary syndrome, with prior revascularization, coronary stenoses > 50% by coronary angiogram, and/or evidence for cardiac ischemia on diagnostic testing, we recommend long-term low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel (75 mg/d) (Grade 1A). For patients with acute coronary syndromes who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement, we recommend for the first year dual antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin in combination with ticagrelor 90 mg bid, clopidogrel 75 mg/d, or prasugrel 10 mg/d over single antiplatelet therapy (Grade 1B). For patients undergoing elective PCI with stent placement, we recommend aspirin (75-325 mg/d) and clopidogrel for a minimum duration of 1 month (bare-metal stents) or 3 to 6 months (drug-eluting stents) (Grade 1A). We suggest continuing low-dose aspirin plus clopidogrel for 12 months for all stents (Grade 2C). Thereafter, we recommend single antiplatelet therapy over continuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (Grade 1B). Recommendations continue to favor single antiplatelet therapy for patients with established coronary artery disease. For patients with acute coronary syndromes or undergoing elective PCI with stent placement, dual antiplatelet therapy for up to 1 year is warranted.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nutrients
                Nutrients
                nutrients
                Nutrients
                MDPI
                2072-6643
                22 February 2019
                February 2019
                : 11
                : 2
                : 456
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; ipalomo@ 123456utalca.cl (I.P.); mariane.lutz@ 123456uv.cl (M.L.)
                [2 ]Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
                [3 ]Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; macarenasaid@ 123456gmail.com (M.S.); bsaez@ 123456ceap.cl (B.S.)
                [4 ]Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
                [5 ]Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies, CIESAL, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2650000, Chile
                [6 ]Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; advasquez@ 123456utalca.cl
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: aconcha@ 123456ceap.cl (A.C.-M.); edfuentes@ 123456utalca.cl (E.F.); Tel.: +56-71-220-0493 (E.F.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-7371
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-4108
                Article
                nutrients-11-00456
                10.3390/nu11020456
                6412684
                30813256
                83fa9b8f-caf6-4564-8dd1-2f149d6aaffc
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 13 January 2019
                : 15 February 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                tomato pomace,extract,platelet,tolerance,clinical pilot study
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                tomato pomace, extract, platelet, tolerance, clinical pilot study

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