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      Hyaluronic Acid as a Component of Natural Polymer Blends for Biomedical Applications: A Review

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          Abstract

          In this review, we provide a report on recent studies in the field of research on the blends of hyaluronic acid with other natural polymers, namely collagen and chitosan. Hyaluronic acid has attracted significant interest in biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its interesting properties. In recent years, blends of hyaluronic acid with other polymers have been studied for new materials development. New materials may show improved properties that are important in the biomedical applications and in cosmetic preparations. In this review paper, the structure, preparation, and properties of hyaluronic acid blends with collagen and chitosan have been discussed and examples of new materials based on such blends have been presented. A comparison of the currently available information in the field has been shown. Future aspects in the field of hyaluronic acid blends and their applications in the biomedical and cosmetic industry have also been mentioned.

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          Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging

          Eleni Papakonstantinou, Michael Roth, George Karakiulakis (2012)
          Skin aging is a multifactorial process consisting of two distinct and independent mechanisms: intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Youthful skin retains its turgor, resilience and pliability, among others, due to its high content of water. Daily external injury, in addition to the normal process of aging, causes loss of moisture. The key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronic acid (HA) that has unique capacity in retaining water. There are multiple sites for the control of HA synthesis, deposition, cell and protein association and degradation, reflecting the complexity of HA metabolism. The enzymes that synthesize or catabolize HA and HA receptors responsible for many of the functions of HA are all multigene families with distinct patterns of tissue expression. Understanding the metabolism of HA in the different layers of the skin and the interactions of HA with other skin components will facilitate the ability to modulate skin moisture in a rational manner.
          Article 0 comments Cited 220 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Recent advances in hyaluronic acid hydrogels for biomedical applications

            Jason A. Burdick, Glenn D. Prestwich, Christopher Highley (2016)
            Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in the design of engineered hydrogels, due to its biofunctionality, as well as numerous sites for modification with reactive groups. There are now widespread examples of modified HA macromers that form either covalent or physical hydrogels through crosslinking reactions such as with click chemistry or supramolecular assemblies of guest-host pairs. HA hydrogels range from relatively static matrices to those that exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic properties through external triggers like light. Such hydrogels are being explored for the culture of cells in vitro, as carriers for cells in vivo, or to deliver therapeutics, including in an environmentally responsive manner. The future will bring new examples of HA hydrogels due to the synthetic diversity of HA.
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              Magnetic nanoparticles and targeted drug delivering.

              Jana Chomoucka, Jana Drbohlavova, Dalibor Huska … (2010)
              Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are being of great interest due to their unique purposes. Especially in medicine, application of MNPs is much promising. MNPs have been actively investigated as the next generation of targeted drug delivery for more than thirty years. The importance of targeted drug delivery and targeted drug therapy is to transport a drug directly to the centre of the disease under various conditions and thereby treat it deliberately, with no effects on the body. Usage of MNPs depends largely on the preparation processes to select optimal conditions and election agents to modify their surface. This review summarizes the most commonly used functionalization methods of the MNPs preparation methods and their use in targeted drug delivery and targeted therapy. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 102 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Adam Gadomski: Role: Academic Editor
                Piotr Bełdowski: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 September 2020
                Publication date Collection: September 2020
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4035
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; 291013@ 123456stud.umk.pl (M.G.); musialk.97@ 123456gmail.com (K.M.)
                [2 ]Health Sciences Faculty, President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Nowy Świat 4 st., 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; drpiatek@ 123456interia.eu
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: alinas@ 123456umk.pl
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-2725
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-0876
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-25-04035
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184035
                PMC ID: 7570474
                PubMed ID: 32899609
                SO-VID: 83ffd11e-7546-4658-8c61-7df82fb37023
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 09 August 2020
                Date accepted : 02 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: hyaluronic acid,polymer blends,biopolymers,biomaterials,chitosan,collagen
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hyaluronic acid, polymer blends, biopolymers, biomaterials, chitosan, collagen

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