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      Critical behavior in the satisfiability of random boolean expressions.

      Science (New York, N.Y.)

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          Abstract

          Determining the satisfiability of randomly generated Boolean expressions with k variables per clause is a popular test for the performance of search algorithms in artificial intelligence and computer science. It is known that for k = 2, formulas are almost always satisfiable when the ratio of clauses to variables is less than 1; for ratios larger than 1, the formulas are almost never satisfiable. Similar sharp threshold behavior is observed for higher values of k. Finite-size scaling, a method from statistical physics, can be used to characterize size-dependent effects near the threshold. A relationship can be drawn between thresholds and computational complexity.

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          Journal
          17780846
          10.1126/science.264.5163.1297

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