Natural transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from infected queen to kitten

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Abstract

Background

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally occurring lentivirus that infects cats. The primary mode of transmission occurs through bite wounds, and other routes are difficult to observe in nature.

Findings

The purpose of this study was to evaluate FIV transmission from queen to kitten in a colony of naturally infected stray cats. With this aim, a queen was monitored over a period of three years. A blood sample was taken to amplify and sequence gag, pol and env regions of the virus from the queen, two kittens and other cats from the colony.

Conclusion

Phylogenetic analysis showed evidence of queen to kitten transmission.

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Most cited references 15

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Transmission and immunopathogenesis of FIV in cats as a model for HIV.

Rachael G. Dean, Mary J Burkhard (2002)

The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model provides a system to study lentivirus transmission, virus kinetics, pathogenesis, host responses, and immune dysfunction in a natural, out-bred host, under controlled conditions with specific-pathogen-free animals. The diversity of primary FIV strains can be exploited to mirror the range of disease manifestations associated with HIV infection. FIV is infectious via intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, or subcutaneous injection as well as by atraumatic instillation onto the oral, vaginal, or rectal mucosa. Together, these features allow investigators to model specific aspects of HIV infection in a highly relevant and relatively inexpensive animal model. Well-developed areas of the FIV model include: (1) transmission of cell-associated as well as cell-free virus; (2) mucosal infectivity and immunopathogenesis; (3) vertical transmission; (4) acquired immunodeficiency including defects of the innate immune system; (5) thymic dysfunction; (6) neurotropism and neuropathogenesis; (7) host-virus interactions and the role of specific gene products; (8) efficacy of antiviral therapy; and (9) efficacy and immune correlates of experimental vaccines. This review will encompass areas specific to transmission and immunopathogenesis.

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Genetic and phylogenetic divergence of feline immunodeficiency virus in the puma (Puma concolor).

J Pecon, Donald W. Brown, D Brousset … (1996)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus which causes an AIDS-like disease in domestic cats (Felis catus). A number of other felid species, including the puma (Puma concolor), carry a virus closely related to domestic cat FIV. Serological testing revealed the presence of antibodies to FIV in 22% of 434 samples from throughout the geographic range of the puma. FIV-Pco pol gene sequences isolated from pumas revealed extensive sequence diversity, greater than has been documented in the domestic cat. The puma sequences formed two highly divergent groups, analogous to the clades which have been defined for domestic cat and lion (Panthera leo) FIV. The puma clade A was made up of samples from Florida and California, whereas clade B consisted of samples from other parts of North America, Central America, and Brazil. The difference between these two groups was as great as that reported among three lion FIV clades. Within puma clades, sequence variation is large, comparable to between-clade differences seen for domestic cat clades, allowing recognition of 15 phylogenetic lineages (subclades) among puma FIV-Pco. Large sequence divergence among isolates, nearly complete species monophyly, and widespread geographic distribution suggest that FIV-Pco has evolved within the puma species for a long period. The sequence data provided evidence for vertical transmission of FIV-Pco from mothers to their kittens, for coinfection of individuals by two different viral strains, and for cross-species transmission of FIV from a domestic cat to a puma. These factors may all be important for understanding the epidemiology and natural history of FIV in the puma.

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Comparison of two host cell range variants of feline immunodeficiency virus.

K Lovelace, R Talbott, Brett T. Phillips … (1990)

Two molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus were compared. The first clone, 34TF10, was from a Petaluma, Calif., isolate; the second, PPR, was isolated from a cat in the San Diego, Calif., area. The cats from which the isolates were obtained suffered from chronic debilitating illnesses. The two molecular clones differed in their in vitro host cell range. The 34TF10 clone infected the Crandall feline kidney and G355-5 cell lines, but replicated less efficiently on feline peripheral blood leukocytes. In contrast, the PPR clone productively infected the primary feline peripheral blood leukocytes but not Crandall feline kidney or G355-5 cells. The 34TF10 and PPR clones had an overall sequence identity of 91%. The env gene was the least conserved (85% at the amino acid level). Additionally, the potential open reading frame for a Tat-like protein, ORF 2, contained a stop codon in the 34TF10 isolate which was not found in the PPR clone. This truncation did not prevent in vitro or in vivo replication of 34TF10. Two splice acceptor sites were identified in the 34TF10 clone. One was 5' to the beginning of the putative tat open reading frame, and the other was 5' to the putative vif product. Both of these acceptor sites were conserved in the PPR clone. The long terminal repeats of the viruses were 7% divergent between the two clones, with a lack of conservation in putative NF-kappa B, LBP-1, and CCAAT enhancer-promoter sites.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virol J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virol. J

Title: Virology Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1743-422X

Publication date Collection: 2012

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2012

Volume: 9

Page: 99

Affiliations

[1 ]Laboratório de Virologia Molecular Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

[2 ]Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA

[3 ]Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS – Bloco A2, sala 121 – Cidade Universitária – Ilha do Fundão, 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: 1743-422X-9-99

DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-99

PMC ID: 3439265

PubMed ID: 22632459

SO-VID: 841b4ec4-207e-498e-abef-2d2ccc7142b5

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Natural transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from infected queen to kitten

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Abstract

Background

Findings

Conclusion

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Decoding Infection and Transmission

Most cited references 15

Transmission and immunopathogenesis of FIV in cats as a model for HIV.

Genetic and phylogenetic divergence of feline immunodeficiency virus in the puma (Puma concolor).

Comparison of two host cell range variants of feline immunodeficiency virus.

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