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      Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de niños hospitalizados por herpes zóster en un centro de referencia de Uruguay. Años 2008-2019 Translated title: Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of children hospitalized due to Herpes Zoster in a Uruguayan Reference Center between 2008 and 2019 Translated title: Características epidemiológicas, clínicas e evolutivas de crianças hospitalizadas por herpes zoster em um centro de referência em Uruguai entre os anos de 2008 e 2019

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Introducción: el herpes zóster (HZ) es una infección neurocutánea causada por reactivación del virus varicela zóster (VVZ) cuando la inmunidad se afecta. Constituye un motivo de hospitalización poco frecuente en pediatría. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños hospitalizados por HZ en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), entre los años 2008-2019. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Se incluyeron los menores de 15 años hospitalizados por HZ en salas de cuidados moderados del CHPR. No fue posible incluir a los niños admitidos en el Servicio de Hemato-Oncología. Se analizó: edad, sexo, inmunidad, vacunación antivaricelosa, clínica, tratamiento, evolución. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 niños (0,01% de los ingresos en el período), mediana de edad 10 años; 8 de sexo femenino; 4 con inmunodepresión secundaria; 3 infectados con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y 1 en tratamiento inmunosupresor por leucemia linfoblástica tipo B. Dos casos presentaron varicela previamente. Tenían vacuna antivaricelosa 11 casos: 9, una dosis; 2, dos dosis. Todos presentaron exantema vesicular y prurito, topografía: extremidades 6, torácico 4 y oftálmico 3; con síntomas extracutáneos 11 (dolor neuropático). Recibieron tratamiento antiviral 11 niños, presentaron complicación, impétigo leve, 6 casos. Conclusiones: se registraron escasas hospitalizaciones por HZ. La manifestación clínica predominante fue el exantema vesicular asociado a prurito y dolor. Las complicaciones fueron leves. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para continuar la caracterización de este motivo de hospitalización que incluyan a niños hospitalizados con cáncer, así como a los de abordaje ambulatorio.

          Translated abstract

          Summary: Introduction: herpes zoster (HZ) is a neurocutaneous infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), when immunity is affected. It is a rare cause of hospitalization in Pediatric patients. Objective: to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of children hospitalized for HZ at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR), between 2008 and 2019. Materials and methods: retrospective study through the review of medical records. We included children under 15 years of age hospitalized for HZ in CHPR moderate care wards, it was not possible to include children admitted to the Hemato Oncology Ward. We analyzed age, sex, immunity, varicella vaccination, clinic, treatment and evolution. Results: 13 children (0.01% of admissions in the period) with a median age of 10 years; 8 female; secondary immunosuppression 4 children; 3 infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 1 in immunosuppressive treatment for type B lymphoblastic leukemia. Two cases previously had chickenpox. There were 11 cases of varicella vaccine: one dose 9, two doses 2. All presented vesicular rash and pruritus, topography: extremities 6, thoracic 4 and ophthalmic 3; 11 showed extra cutaneous symptoms (neuropathic pain). 11 children received antiviral treatment, 6 cases presented complications: mild impetigo. Conclusions: there were few hospitalizations for HZ. The predominant clinical manifestation was a vesicular rash associated with itching and pain. The complications were mild. Further studies including hospitalized children with cancer and outpatients are necessary in order to continue to characterize this cause of hospitalization.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Introdução: o herpes zoster (HZ) é uma infecção neurocutânea causada pela reativação do vírus varicela zoster (VZV), nos casos de imunidade afetada. É um motivo raro de internação em pediatria. Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e evolutivas de crianças hospitalizadas por HZ no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (CHPR), entre 2008 e 2019. Materiais e métodos: estudo retrospectivo através da revisão dos prontuários médicos. Incluíram-se crianças menores de 15 anos hospitalizadas por HZ em salas de atendimento moderado do CHPR. Não foi possível incluir crianças internadas no Serviço de Hemato Oncologia. Analisaram-se idade, sexo, imunidade, vacinação contra varicela, clínica, tratamento e evolução. Resultados: incluíram-se 13 crianças (0,01% das internações no período), mediana de idade: 10 anos; 8 meninas; imunossupressão secundária 4 crianças; 3 infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e 1 em tratamento imunossupressor para leucemia linfoblástica tipo B. Dois casos tinham apresentado varicela anteriormente. Houve 11 casos vacinados contra varicela: 9 com uma dose e 2 com duas doses. Todos apresentaram erupção cutânea e prurido vesicular, topografia: extremidades 6, torácica 4 e oftalmológica 3; 11 com sintomas extracutâneos (dor neuropática). Onze crianças receberam tratamento antiviral, 6 casos apresentaram complicações (impetigo leve). Conclusões: houve poucas hospitalizações por HZ. A manifestação clínica predominante foi uma erupção vesicular associada a prurido e dor. As complicações foram leves. Novos estudos incluindo crianças hospitalizadas com câncer e pacientes ambulatoriais são necessários para continuar caracterizando essa causa de internação.

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          Incidence and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster among children in the varicella vaccine era, 2005-2009.

          Vaccine-strain herpes zoster (HZ) can occur after varicella vaccination. This study determined the number and proportion of HZ cases caused by vaccine-strain varicella zoster virus (VZV), assessed the positive predictive value of provider diagnosis of HZ, and computed HZ incidence rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.
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            Revised surveillance case definition for HIV infection--United States, 2014.

            (2014)
            Following extensive consultation and peer review, CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have revised and combined the surveillance case definitions for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a single case definition for persons of all ages (i.e., adults and adolescents aged ≥13 years and children aged <13 years). The revisions were made to address multiple issues, the most important of which was the need to adapt to recent changes in diagnostic criteria. Laboratory criteria for defining a confirmed case now accommodate new multitest algorithms, including criteria for differentiating between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and for recognizing early HIV infection. A confirmed case can be classified in one of five HIV infection stages (0, 1, 2, 3, or unknown); early infection, recognized by a negative HIV test within 6 months of HIV diagnosis, is classified as stage 0, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is classified as stage 3. Criteria for stage 3 have been simplified by eliminating the need to differentiate between definitive and presumptive diagnoses of opportunistic illnesses. Clinical (nonlaboratory) criteria for defining a case for surveillance purposes have been made more practical by eliminating the requirement for information about laboratory tests. The surveillance case definition is intended primarily for monitoring the HIV infection burden and planning for prevention and care on a population level, not as a basis for clinical decisions for individual patients. CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists recommend that all states and territories conduct case surveillance of HIV infection using this revised surveillance case definition.
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              Incidence of Herpes Zoster Among Children: 2003–2014

              BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: After the 1996 introduction of routine varicella vaccination in the United States, most studies evaluating pediatric herpes zoster (HZ) incidence reported lower incidence over time, with varying degrees of decline. Using the combined databases of 6 integrated health care organizations, we examined HZ incidence in children over a 12-year period in the varicella vaccine era. METHODS: This study included children aged 0 through 17 years from 2003 through 2014. Using electronic medical records, we identified HZ cases through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis code 053. We calculated HZ incidence rates per 100 000 person years of health plan membership for all children and among children who were vaccinated versus unvaccinated. We calculated rates for the 12-year period and examined temporal trends. Among children who were vaccinated, we compared HZ rates by month and year of age at vaccination. RESULTS: The study included 6 372 067 children with ≥1 month of health plan membership. For the 12-year period, the crude HZ incidence rate for all subjects was 74 per 100 000 person years, and the rate among children who were vaccinated was 38 per 100 000 person years, which was 78% lower than that among children who were unvaccinated (170 per 100 000 person years; P < .0001). Overall HZ incidence declined by 72% ( P < .0001) from 2003 through 2014. Annual rates in children who were vaccinated were consistently lower than in children who were unvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: With this population-based study, we confirm the decline in pediatric HZ incidence and the significantly lower incidence among children who are vaccinated, reinforcing the benefit of routine varicella vaccination to prevent pediatric HZ.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                adp
                Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
                Arch. Pediatr. Urug.
                Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                0004-0584
                1688-1249
                2020
                : 91
                : 3
                : 139-146
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Clínica Pediátrica Depto. Pediatría Uruguay
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Clínica Pediátrica Depto. Pediatría. Uruguay mnotejane@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Depto. Pediatría Uruguay
                Article
                S1688-12492020000300139 S1688-1249(20)09100300139
                10.31134/ap.91.3.3
                8421f36b-b963-43c7-b9df-dba18126e1ae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 February 2020
                : 31 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Epidemiología,Epidemiology,Hospitalized child,Herpes zoster,Epidemiologia,Criança hospitalizada,Niño hospitalizado,Herpes zóster

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