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      Patient Follow-Up After Participating in a Beach-Based Skin Cancer Screening Program

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          Abstract

          Many skin cancer screenings occur in non-traditional community settings, with the beach being an important setting due to beachgoers being at high risk for skin cancer. This study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of a skin cancer intervention in which participants (n = 312) had a full-body skin examination by a clinician and received a presumptive diagnosis (abnormal finding, no abnormal finding). Participants’ pursuit of follow-up was assessed post-intervention (n = 283). Analyses examined: (1) participant’s recall of screening results; and (2) whether cognitive and behavioral variables were associated with follow-up being as advised. Just 12% of participants (36/312) did not correctly recall the results of their skin examination. One-third (33%, 93/283) of participants’ follow-up was classified as being not as advised (recommend follow-up not pursued, unadvised follow-up pursued). Among participants whose follow-up was not as advised, 71% (66/93) did not seek recommended care. None of the measured behavioral and cognitive variables were significantly associated with recall of screening examination results or whether follow-up was as advised. Research is needed to determine what factors are associated with follow-up being as advised and to develop messages that increase receipt of advised follow-up care.

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          Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States, 2006.

          Howard W Rogers, Martin Weinstock, Ashlynne R. Harris … (2010)
          To estimate the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the US population in 2006 and secondarily to indicate trends in numbers of procedures for skin cancer treatment. A descriptive analysis of population-based claims and US Census Bureau data combined with a population-based cross-sectional survey using multiple US government data sets, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Fee-for-Service Physicians Claims databases, to calculate totals of skin cancer procedures performed for Medicare beneficiaries in 1992 and from 1996 to 2006 and related parameters. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Service database was used to estimate NMSC-related office visits. We combined these to estimate totals of new skin cancer diagnoses and affected individuals in the overall US population. The total number of procedures for skin cancer in the Medicare fee-for-service population increased by 76.9% from 1 158 298 in 1992 to 2 048 517 in 2006. The age-adjusted procedure rate per year per 100 000 beneficiaries increased from 3514 in 1992 to 6075 in 2006. From 2002 to 2006 (the years for which the databases allow procedure linkage to patient demographics and diagnoses), the number of procedures for NMSC in the Medicare population increased by 16.0%. In this period, the number of procedures per affected patient increased by 1.5%, and the number of persons with at least 1 procedure increased by 14.3%. We estimate the total number of NMSCs in the US population in 2006 at 3 507 693 and the total number of persons in the United States treated for NMSC at 2 152 500. The number of skin cancers in Medicare beneficiaries increased dramatically over the years 1992 to 2006, due mainly to an increase in the number of affected individuals. Using nationally representative databases, we provide evidence of much higher overall totals of skin cancer diagnoses and patients in the US population than previous estimates. These data give the most complete evaluation to date of the underrecognized epidemic of skin cancer in the United States.
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            Skin cancer in skin of color.

            Hugh M. Gloster, Kenneth Neal (2006)
            Skin cancer is less common in persons with skin of color than in light-skinned Caucasians but is often associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is crucial that physicians become familiar with skin cancer in persons of color so as to maximize the likelihood of early detection of these tumors. In dark-skinned ethnic groups, squamous cell carcinoma is most common; squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma usually occur on nonsun-exposed sites; and ultraviolet radiation is not an important etiologic factor for skin cancer with the exception of basal cell carcinoma. Races of intermediate pigmentation, such as Hispanics and Asians, share epidemiologic and clinical features of dark-skinned ethnic groups and Caucasians. Skin cancers pose a significant risk in skin of color and clinicians should focus on preventive measures in these groups such as regular skin exams, self-examination, public education, and screening programs. At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the epidemiology and unique clinical features of skin cancer in skin of color and be aware of strategies to prevent skin cancer in skin of color.
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              Cancer screening in the United States, 2009: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening.

              Robert A Smith, Vilma Cokkinides, Otis W Brawley (2024)
              Each year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a report summarizing its recommendations for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In 2008, the ACS, the American Gastroenterological Association, the American College of Gastroenterology, the Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and the American College of Radiology issued a joint update of guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. In this issue, the current ACS guidelines and recent issues are summarized, updates of testing guidelines for early prostate cancer detection and colorectal cancer screening by the United States Preventive Services Task Force are discussed, and the most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the National Health Interview Survey pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening are described.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 May 2012
                Publication date (Print): May 2012
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 1836-1845
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Email: Karen_M_Emmons@ 123456dfci.harvard.edu
                [2 ]Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Email: epuleo@ 123456schoolph.umass.edu
                [3 ]Department of Society, Human Development & Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Email: ageller@ 123456hsph.harvard.edu
                [4 ]New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Email: stephwhu@ 123456gmail.com
                [5 ]Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Email: awerchniak@ 123456partners.org
                [6 ]Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Email: Susan_DeCristofaro@ 123456dfci.harvard.edu
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: mary_greaney@ 123456dfci.harvard.edu ; Tel.: +1-617-582-7942; Fax: 1-617-582-5300.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-09-01836
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9051836
                PMC ID: 3386590
                PubMed ID: 22754476
                SO-VID: 842f3a0a-00c3-4226-b2f4-a8aa5e211e07
                Copyright © © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2012
                Date revision received : 25 April 2012
                Date accepted : 02 May 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: sun protection,skin examinations,cancer screening,skin cancer prevention
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: sun protection, skin examinations, cancer screening, skin cancer prevention

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