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      Influencia de la nacionalidad en la prevalencia de enfermedades frecuentes en Atención Primaria Translated title: Influence of nationality on the prevalence of frequent diseases in Primary Health Care

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          Abstract

          Introducción: la prevalencia de determinadas enfermedades es diferente en función de factores socioeconómicos o culturales. El objetivo del estudio es describir la frecuencia registrada de exceso de peso, caries, anemia ferropénica (AF) y eccema atópico (EA) en nuestra población infantil en función del país de origen y analizar si existen diferencias entre las diversas nacionalidades. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los diagnósticos registrados en la historia clínica de Atención Primaria. Se valoró la edad, género, nacionalidad y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: la población total fue de 81 541 niños de 0 a 14 años. La mayoría eran españoles (84,1%), seguidos de magrebíes (6,9%) e indopakistaníes (3%). La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue del 14,2%, sin diferencias entre españoles e inmigrantes, excepto los iberoamericanos que tenían una mayor prevalencia (22,47%). La prevalencia de caries fue del 17,8% con diferencias significativas entre la población española y la de otros orígenes (15,13 frente a 28,4%). La prevalencia de AF fue del 0,75% apreciándose diferencias en función de la nacionalidad; la AF era diez veces más frecuente en población indopakistaní (5,4%). La prevalencia de EA fue del 15,46%, con diferencias en función de la nacionalidad; el EA era significativamente más frecuente en la población china (20,46%) y magrebí (18,58%). Conclusión: existen diferencias importantes en la prevalencia de las enfermedades estudiadas en función del país de origen del niño. La Atención Primaria debería abordar la implementación de estrategias preventivas adaptadas a la realidad multicultural de nuestros centros.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: prevalence of certain diseases varies depending on socioeconomic and cultural factors. The aim of our study was to describe the documented frequency of excess weight, dental caries, iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in the local paediatric population by country of origin, and to assess whether there were differences based on national origin. Material and methods: we conducted a descriptive study of the diagnoses recorded in the primary care health records database. We analysed age, sex, nationality and socioeconomic status. Results: The population under study consisted of 81 541 children aged 0 to 14 years. The majority were Spanish (84.1%), followed in frequency by children from Northwest Africa (6.9%) and children from India and Pakistan (3%). The prevalence of excess weight was 14.2%, with no differences between the Spanish and the immigrant population with the exception of a higher prevalence in children of Latin American descent (22.47%). The overall prevalence of caries was 17.8%, with significant differences between the Spanish population and children from other regions (15.13% vs. 28.4%). The prevalence of IDA was 0.75%, and we found differences based on country of origin, with a 10-fold prevalence of IDA in children of Indian or Pakistani descent (5.4%). The overall prevalence of AD was 15.46%, with differences based on national origin; AD was significantly more frequent in children of Chinese (20.46%) and Northwest African (18.58%) descent. Conclusions: We found considerable differences in the prevalence of the diseases under study based on the country of origin of the child. The primary care system should implement preventive strategies adapted to the multicultural populations served by our primary care centres.

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          Migration-related health inequalities: showing the complex interactions between gender, social class and place of origin.

          In this paper, we briefly review theories and findings on migration and health from the health equity perspective, and then analyse migration-related health inequalities taking into account gender, social class and migration characteristics in the adult population aged 25-64 living in Catalonia, Spain. On the basis of the characterisation of migration types derived from the review, we distinguished between immigrants from other regions of Spain and those from other countries, and within each group, those from richer or poorer areas; foreign immigrants from low-income countries were also distinguished according to duration of residence. Further stratification by sex and social class was applied. Groups were compared in relation to self-assessed health in two cross-sectional population-based surveys, and in relation to indicators of socio-economic conditions (individual income, an index of material and financial assets, and an index of employment precariousness) in one survey. Social class and gender inequalities were evident in both health and socio-economic conditions, and within both the native and immigrant subgroups. Migration-related health inequalities affected both internal and international immigrants, but were mainly limited to those from poor areas, were generally consistent with their socio-economic deprivation, and apparently more pronounced in manual social classes and especially for women. Foreign immigrants from poor countries had the poorest socio-economic situation but relatively better health (especially men with shorter length of residence). Our findings on immigrants from Spain highlight the transitory nature of the 'healthy immigrant effect', and that action on inequality in socio-economic determinants affecting migrant groups should not be deferred. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Factors associated with prevalence and severity of caries experience in preschool children.

            The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and severity of caries experience in the primary dentition of preschool children and to assess the association of disease distribution with oral hygiene levels, reported oral health behaviours and socio-demographic factors. Study samples comprised 1250 3-year-old and 1283 5-year-old pre-school children from four distinct geographical areas in Flanders. Information on oral hygiene and dietary habits, oral health behaviours and socio-demographic variables was collected using questionnaires completed by the parents. Clinical examinations were performed using standardized criteria. Caries experience was recorded at the level of cavitation (d(3) level). Simple as well as multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed in order to identify factors associated with prevalence and severity of caries experience. Visible plaque was present in 31% of 3-year-olds and 37% of 5-year-olds. In 3-year-olds, 7% presented with caries experience while this was the case in 31% of 5-year-olds. Multivariable logistic regression revealed significant associations, in 3-year-olds, of caries experience with presence of dental plaque (OR = 7.93; 95% CI: 2.56-24.55) and reported consumption of sugared drinks at night (OR = 7.96; 95% CI: 1.57-40.51). In 5-year-olds, significant associations were seen with age (OR = 7.79; 95% CI: 2.38-25.43), gender (OR = 0.37 with 95% CI: 0.19-0.71 for girls), presence of visible dental plaque (OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.64-6.89) and reported habit of having sugar-containing drinks in between meals (OR = 2.60 with 95% CI: 1.16-5.84 and OR = 3.18 with 95% CI: 1.39-7.28, respectively for 1x/day and > 1x/day versus not every day). In 5-year-olds with caries experience (30.8% of total sample), the severity of disease was further analysed (d(3)mft between 1 and 4 versus d(3)mft 5 or higher). Multivariable analyses showed a significant association with gender [girls more likely to have higher disease levels; OR = 4.67 (95% CI: 1.65-13.21)] and with presence of plaque (OR = 3.91 with 95% CI: 1.23-12.42). Presence of visible plaque accumulation and reported consumption of sugared drinks were associated with prevalence of caries experience in Flemish preschool children. Severity of disease was associated with gender and with presence of plaque. Results underline the importance of plaque control and diet management from very young age on.
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              Prevalence of child and youth obesity in Spain in 2012.

              Obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor. In Spain, few studies have physically measured height and weight to estimate the magnitude of the problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of child and adolescent obesity in Spain in 2012. We performed a cross-sectional probability sample of 1018 children, representative of the Spanish population aged between 8 and 17 years old, with objectively measured height and weight, along with other sociodemographic variables. We calculated the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to the criteria of the World Health Organization, the International Obesity Task Force, and the enKid study. In the group aged 8 to 17 years old, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26% and 12.6%, respectively; 4 in 10 young people were overweight or obese. Excess weight was found in 45% of the group aged 8 to 13 years and in 25.5% of that aged 14 to 17 years. This cardiovascular risk factor was associated with lower social class and lower educational level. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Spain remains high (close to 40%), but has not increased in the last 12 years. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                March 2020
                : 22
                : 85
                : e1-e11
                Affiliations
                [3] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Equipo de atención psicopedagógica Santa Coloma de Gramenet 6 España
                [6] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Equipo de atención psicopedagógica Santa Coloma de Gramenet 1 España
                [4] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Equipo de atención psicopedagógica Badalona 5 España
                [5] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Dirección de Atención Primaria Barcelona Ciudad España
                [2] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Equipo de atención psicopedagógica Santa Coloma de Gramenet 1 España
                [1] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Equipo de atención psicopedagógica Santa Coloma de Gramenet 6 España
                [7] Barcelona orgnameInstituto Catalán de la Salud (ICS) orgdiv1Servicio de Atención Primaria Barcelonés Nord i Maresme España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000100002 S1139-7632(20)02208500002
                84538404-fafc-4fc7-a861-a824433ffe98

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Iron deficiency anemia,Overweight,Inmigración,Dental caries,Caries dental,Exceso de peso,Epidemiology,Anemia ferropénica,Epidemiología,Atopic eczema,Eccema atópico,Immigration

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