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      Caracterização da gravidez com insuficiência istmocervical Translated title: Characterization of pregnancy with cervical incompetence

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: identificar características comuns às portadoras de insuficiência istmocervical (IIC) que serviriam para reconhecê-las precocemente e auxiliariam no seguimento do ciclo gravídico-puerperal. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: cinqüenta gestantes portadoras de IIC submetidas à circlagem uterina segundo a técnica de McDonald modificada foram analisadas em estudo descritivo observacional. Por meio dos dados dos prontuários, foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, antecedentes obstétricos, momento do diagnóstico de IIC, aspectos relativos à circlagem e incidência de prematuridade. RESULTADOS: em média, a idade materna foi de 29,2 anos e o número de gestações anteriores foi de 3,7. Quanto aos antecedentes obstétricos, tivemos 189 gestações anteriores; em 18 delas já se tinha o diagnóstico de IIC e a circlagem havia sido realizada, tendo resultado em 18 crianças vivas (8 nasceram prematuramente e 10 no termo). Das 171 prenhezes prévias em que o diagnóstico de IIC não estava firmado, 90 evoluíram para abortamentos, 68 foram partos pré-termos e 13 de termo. Em relação ao momento do diagnóstico de IIC, 30 (60%) pacientes tiveram-no firmado no intervalo entre os partos e 20 (40%) durante a gestação. A idade gestacional média em que as pacientes foram submetidas à circlagem foi de 18,2 semanas; 40% das circlagens foram de urgência e 60% eletivas. A incidência de prematuridade foi de 30% (15/50). CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação obstétrica cuidadosa de multigestas com perdas gestacionais recorrentes, no intervalo entre os partos e/ou no primeiro trimestre da gravidez, pode permitir o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado da IIC, evitando a prematuridade.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: to identify characteristics common to women who suffer from cervical incompetence (CI) allowing their early identification and helping in the follow-up of the gestational-postdelivery cycle. PATIENTS AND METHODS: fifty pregnant women suffering from CI and submitted to uterine cerclage according to modified McDonald's technique were analyzed in an observational descriptive study. The following variables of the medical records were evaluated: age, preceding obstetrical aspects, time of CI diagnosis, cerclage-related aspects and preterm delivery incidence. RESULTS: the average age of the mothers was 29.28 years and mean number of previous gestations was 3.76. As to the preceding obstetrical aspects, 189 gestations with a CI diagnosis were reported and cerclage had been applied to 18 of them, resulting in 18 babies who were born alive (8 preterm deliveries and 10 term deliveries). Of the 171 previous pregnancies in which CI diagnosis was not reported, 90 progressed to abortion, 68 were preterm and 13 were term deliveries. In 30 (60%) patients, CI was diagnosed during the intergestational interval, and 20 (40%) during gestation. The average gestational period in which patients were submitted to cerclage was 18.29 weeks; 40% of the cerclages were emergency procedures and 60% were elective. The incidence of prematurity was 30% (15/50). CONCLUSION: careful obstetrical evaluation of multiparous women, presenting recurrent miscarriages, during the intergestational interval and/or during the first trimester of pregnancy, may allow the early diagnosis and adequate treatment of CI, avoiding prematurity.

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          Most cited references28

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          Cervical incompetence: elective, emergent, or urgent cerclage.

          We define criteria for insertion of cervical cerclage done electively (historical), urgently (in patients without symptoms), or emergently (in patients with symptoms). We compare outcomes as determined by prolongation of pregnancy and survival in each of these groups, and we define whether urgent or emergent cerclage imparted a higher risk of spontaneous rupture of membranes or chorioamnionitis than that associated with elective cerclage.
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            The value of transvaginal ultrasonography in diagnosis and management of cervical incompetence.

            To determine the value of transvaginal sonography in women with a previous history of second trimester miscarriage due to cervical incompetence, 55 patients were subjected to either elective cervical cerclage or follow-up (every second patient) with weekly evaluations of the cervix by transvaginal ultrasonography. Emergency cerclage was applied when significant cervical changes were noted. All patients were evaluated with cervical cultures and ultrasound. Women with infection, fibroids, uterine malformations and multiple pregnancies were excluded from the study. The study population was divided in two groups. In group I (n=27) elective cerclage was applied during the 14th week. Women in group II (n=28) were subjected to serial weekly evaluations of the cervix by transvaginal ultrasonograms. In 18 cases emergency cerclage was applied due to significant cervical changes. In group I, labor started before the 33rd week in two cases (7.4%), between 33 and 37 weeks in nine (33.3%) and after the 37th week in 16 cases (59.2%). Out of the 18 patients in group II who had cervical cerclage after ultrasonographic evaluation, four (22.2%) delivered before the 33rd week, three (16.6%) between 33 and 37 weeks and 11 (61.1%) after the 37th week. No statistical difference was noted between the two groups referring to pregnancy outcome (p<0.1). We concluded that ultrasound-guided management despite cervical shortening, does not result in unfavorable pregnancy outcome. A significant number of patients can avoid the operation.
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              Elective cerclage vs. ultrasound-indicated cerclage in high-risk pregnancies.

              To compare pregnancy outcome after elective vs. ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous mid-trimester loss or early preterm birth.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-9339
                February 2003
                : 25
                : 1
                : 29-34
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0100-72032003000100005
                10.1590/S0100-72032003000100005
                8476c417-c95b-4ce3-a7d6-1cbc3b7fe151

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-7203&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Cervical incompetence,Prematurity,Cerclage,Late abortion,Insuficiência istmocervical,Prematuridade,Circlagem,Abortamento tardio

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