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      El papel de la Ciencia en el proceso de Ordenamiento Territorial (y en otras cuestiones vinculadas con problemas ambientales)

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          Abstract

          Los aspectos técnicos, políticos y administrativos del Ordenamiento Territorial Rural (OTR) están estrechamente enlazados, y difícilmente se pueden tratar de forma aislada. Incorporar a la Ciencia y a los científicos en el proceso de OTR permite mejorar algunos factores que definen la calidad del proceso (e.g., acceso a la información, percepción de los problemas, etc.), pero no otros (e.g., disputas de valores e intereses o asimetrías de poder). En su condición de conocimiento sistematizado, la Ciencia aporta un "banco de conocimientos" indispensable. A su vez, puede jugar otro papel clave al ofrecer esquemas de pensamiento y acción, en los cuales los criterios de verdad se asocian a evidencias empíricas y lógicas y no al principio de autoridad o al pensamiento mágico. La sociedad y el Sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología (SCyT) deberían identificar los casos en los que la participación es crítica y se requiere superar debates poco informados. La participación de la Ciencia y los científicos es clave cuando se debe disminuir la incertidumbre asociada a la toma de decisiones. Por su parte, se debería evitar la situación, menos reconocida, de forzar la incorporación del SCyT cuando no corresponde. La participación de los científicos tiene que ocurrir en colaboración estrecha con otros actores del proceso. No obstante, su participación en los procesos de OTR enfrenta muchos desafíos y problemas. Una lista no exhaustiva incluye los conflictos de interés, el reduccionismo y la consecución de la inter / trans / multidisplinariedad.

          Translated abstract

          The technical, political and administrative aspects of Rural Land Planning are closely linked and hardly can be treated in isolation. To incorporate science and scientists in land planning improves some factors that define the quality of the process (e.g. access to information, perception of problems, etc.) but not others (disputes on values and interests or power asymmetries). Science incorporates, as systematized knowledge, an indispensable "knowledge bank". In turn, Science can play another key role in providing patterns of thought and action in which the criteria of truth are associated with empirical and logical evidence and not to the principle of authority or magical thinking. Society and the System of Science and Technology (SCyT) should identify those cases where participation is critical to avoid uninformed debates. The involvement of Science and scientists is important when you have to reduce the uncertainty associated with decision making. Should be avoided, meanwhile, the least recognized situation to force the participation of the SCyT in the cases of disputes over interests and values. In such situations its participation becomes unnecessary and possibly counterproductive. The participation of scientists has to happen in close collaboration with other stakeholders. The participation of the SCyT in the land planning processes faces, however, many challenges and problems. A non-exhaustive list includes conflicts of interest, reductionism and the possibility to achieve inter / trans / multidisplinarity.

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          COPING WITH TRAGEDIES OF THE COMMONS

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            Global land and water grabbing.

            Societal pressure on the global land and freshwater resources is increasing as a result of the rising food demand by the growing human population, dietary changes, and the enhancement of biofuel production induced by the rising oil prices and recent changes in United States and European Union bioethanol policies. Many countries and corporations have started to acquire relatively inexpensive and productive agricultural land located in foreign countries, as evidenced by the dramatic increase in the number of transnational land deals between 2005 and 2009. Often known as "land grabbing," this phenomenon is associated with an appropriation of freshwater resources that has never been assessed before. Here we gather land-grabbing data from multiple sources and use a hydrological model to determine the associated rates of freshwater grabbing. We find that land and water grabbing are occurring at alarming rates in all continents except Antarctica. The per capita volume of grabbed water often exceeds the water requirements for a balanced diet and would be sufficient to improve food security and abate malnourishment in the grabbed countries. It is found that about 0.31 × 10(12) m(3) · y(-1) of green water (i.e., rainwater) and up to 0.14 × 10(12) m(3) · y(-1) of blue water (i.e., irrigation water) are appropriated globally for crop and livestock production in 47 × 10(6) ha of grabbed land worldwide (i.e., in 90% of the reported global grabbed land).
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              Los intelectuales y la organización de la cultura.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ecoaus
                Ecología austral
                Ecol. austral
                Asociación Argentina de Ecología (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1667-782X
                April 2016
                : 26
                : 1
                : 51-58
                Affiliations
                [01] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameCONICET y UBA orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía orgdiv2Depto. Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información. IFEVA Argentina
                [02] Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales Uruguay paruelo@ 123456agro.uba.ar
                Article
                S1667-782X2016000100009
                847cc1a8-460a-4025-98ca-f8fa498a98df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 October 2015
                : 14 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Planificación,Sistema de Ciencia y técnica,Política,Toma de decisiones,Planning,Science and technology systems,Policies,Politics,Decision making

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