First Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Ruminants in Tunisia

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV, Nairoviridae family) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV, Phenuiviridae family) are zoonotic vector-borne pathogens with clinical relevance worldwide. Our study aimed to determine seroprevalences of these viruses and potential risk factors among livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) in Tunisia. Sera were tested for antibodies against CCHFV (n = 879) and RVFV (n = 699) using various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IIFA). The overall seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was 8.6% (76/879) and 2.3% (16/699) against CCHFV and RVFV, respectively. For CCHF seropositivity bioclimatic zones and breed were potential risk factors for the three tested animal species; while the season was associated with cattle and sheep seropositivity, tick infestation was associated with cattle and goats seropositivity and age as a risk factor was only associated with cattle seropositivity. Age and season were significantly associated with RVFV seropositivity in sheep. Our results confirm the circulation of CCHFV and RVFV in Tunisia and identified the principal risk factors in ruminants. This knowledge could help to mitigate the risk of ruminant infections and subsequently also human infections.

Related collections

Most cited references 90

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

Önder Ergönül (2006)

Summary Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries, and it has the most extensive geographic distribution of the medically important tickborne viral diseases, closely approximating the known global distribution of Hyalomma spp ticks. Human beings become infected through tick bites, by crushing infected ticks, after contact with a patient with CCHF during the acute phase of infection, or by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestock. Clinical features commonly show a dramatic progression characterised by haemorrhage, myalgia, and fever. The levels of liver enzymes, creatinine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase are raised, and bleeding markers are prolonged. Infection of the endothelium has a major pathogenic role. Besides direct infection of the endothelium, indirect damage by viral factors or virus-mediated host-derived soluble factors that cause endothelial activations and dysfunction are thought to occur. In diagnosis, enzyme-linked immunoassay and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR are used. Early diagnosis is critical for patient therapy and prevention of potential nosocomial infections. Supportive therapy is the most essential part of case management. Recent studies suggest that ribavirin is effective against CCHF, although definitive studies are not available. Health-care workers have a serious risk of infection, particularly during care of patients with haemorrhages from the nose, mouth, gums, vagina, and injection sites. Simple barrier precautions have been reported to be effective.

0 comments Cited 288 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Enzootic hepatitis or rift valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep cattle and man from east africa

R. Daubney, J. Hudson, P. Garnham (1931)

0 comments Cited 210 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity.

Dennis Bente, Naomi Forrester, Douglas Watts … (2013)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 142 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Natasha N. Gaudreault: Role: Academic Editor

Anna Honko: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pathogens

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pathogens

Journal ID (publisher-id): pathogens

Title: Pathogens

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-0817

Publication date (Electronic): 18 June 2021

Publication date Collection: June 2021

Volume: 10

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 769

Affiliations

[1 ]Laboratory of Viruses Vectors and Hosts (LR20IPT02), Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; khawlazouaghi@ 123456gmail.com (K.Z.); ali.bouattour@ 123456pasteur.tn (A.B.); aounallahhajer@ 123456gmail.com (H.A.)

[2 ]Division Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; SurteesR@ 123456rki.de (R.S.); KrauseE@ 123456rki.de (E.K.); MichelJ@ 123456rki.de (J.M.); NitscheA@ 123456rki.de (A.N.)

[3 ]Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; aymen.mamlouk@ 123456enmv.uma.tn

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: youmna.mghirbi@ 123456pasteur.tn or youmna.mgh@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Hajer Aounallah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4223

Janine Michel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-3125

Aymen Mamlouk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-1736

Andreas Nitsche https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-3176

Youmna M’ghirbi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-4709

Article

Publisher ID: pathogens-10-00769

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060769

PMC ID: 8234966

PubMed ID: 34207423

SO-VID: 848f57d1-a0cc-4020-b036-29a048b4c2d3

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

First Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Ruminants in Tunisia

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens

Most cited references 90

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

Enzootic hepatitis or rift valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep cattle and man from east africa

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 349

Cited by 6

Most referenced authors 905