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      A phylogenomic perspective on diversity, hybridization and evolutionary affinities in the stickleback genus Pungitius.

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          Abstract

          Hybridization and convergent evolution are phenomena of broad interest in evolutionary biology, but their occurrence poses challenges for reconstructing evolutionary affinities among affected taxa. Sticklebacks in the genus Pungitius are a case in point: evolutionary relationships and taxonomic validity of different species and populations in this circumpolarly distributed species complex remain contentious due to convergent evolution of traits regarded as diagnostic in their taxonomy, and possibly also due to frequent hybridization among taxa. To clarify the evolutionary relationships among different Pungitius species and populations globally, as well as to study the prevalence and extent of introgression among recognized species, genomic data sets of both reference genome-anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms and de novo assembled RAD-tag loci were constructed with RAD-seq data. Both data sets yielded topologically identical and well-supported species trees. Incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-based trees was found and suggested possibly frequent hybridization and mitogenome capture during the evolution of Pungitius sticklebacks. Further analyses revealed evidence for frequent nuclear genetic introgression among Pungitius species, although the estimated proportions of autosomal introgression were low. Apart from providing evidence for frequent hybridization, the results challenge earlier mitochondrial and morphology-based hypotheses regarding the number of species and their affinities in this genus: at least seven extant species can be recognized on the basis of genetic data. The results also shed new light on the biogeographical history of the Pungitius-complex, including suggestion of several trans-Arctic invasions of Europe from the Northern Pacific. The well-resolved phylogeny should facilitate the utility of this genus as a model system for future comparative evolutionary studies.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Mol. Ecol.
          Molecular ecology
          Wiley
          1365-294X
          0962-1083
          September 2019
          : 28
          : 17
          Affiliations
          [1 ] The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
          [2 ] Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
          [3 ] Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
          [4 ] Laboratory of Ichthyology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
          Article
          10.1111/mec.15204
          31392804
          84a55cbf-23c7-4330-8a4a-997ea2516dd9
          History

          introgression,biogeography,RAD-seq,phylogenomics,Gasterosteidae

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